International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
systems. So, an information system can be produced more 
effectively (Akcay O., Altan M.O., 2003). 
The study just indicates semantic power of panoramas. A Web- 
based GIS application utilizes panoramic images so as to 
represent historical sites effectively. Especially, while 
introducing historical monuments, panoramic imaging provides 
great opportunity to visualize their inside and outside. 
2. CASE STUDY 
2.1 Study Area and Data 
Fatih (Zeyrek) district of Istanbul, Turkey was selected for the 
case study because it is one of the oldest settlements of the city. 
Fatih is situated at the slopes of the fourth hill in the Historic 
Peninsula in Istanbul. The district starts at the shores of the 
Golden Horn-Halic, and extends up the slopes along the Atatürk 
Boulevard. Retaining walls reaching up to 15 meters are to be 
found at some spots along the Atatürk Boulevard, as well as 
dykes and terraces dating from the Byzantine period. These 
Structures present an interesting view in the direction of Galata, 
Golden Horn, and the Historic Peninsula. (Gülersoy, 2001). 
In this study the monastery of Christ Pantepoptes (Eski Imaret-i 
Atik Cami) in Fatih was selected to sample building for the case 
study. Figure 2 show the sample building and study area. 
The monastery of Christ Pantepoptes is known to have been 
either founded or renovated by Anna Dalassena, mother of 
Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118). Built on the summit of the 
City's fourth hill, above the underground cisterns, it commands 
a magnificent view of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. The 
location explains the name Pantepoptes, i.e. the All-Seeing. The 
church is of the cross-inscribed type with four columns 
supporting a dome. Its ground plan is that of a threc-aisled 
church with two narthexes. Though in a state of neglect, the 
elegantly proportioned building has retained the fine decorative 
brick work of the exterior, the shallow niches, the arches 
framing single or triple windows, the arcade of the gallery on 
the west side, the meander and rosette friezes, as well as 
sections of the cornices carved with palmettes. 
  
Figure 2. The sample building and study area. 
The graphical and geometrical data generated from digital maps 
and other graphical external files (like digitized plans, amateur 
photographs etc.) and the alphanumeric data related to the 
graphical data were linked and managed together by the GIS 
software Arc View 3.2 for creating a geographic information 
system. In this study, Arc/Info GIS software has been used for 
the establishment of topology of the coverage, which is the | 
basic unit of storage. Then the coverage has been imported to 
Arc View software for several query and analysis advantages 
(Duran, 2003). 
Digital data in dgn format have 25 different layers. These 
digital data were transferred into AutoCAD file format and the 
number of these layers reduced in AutoCAD. The main layers 
are shown in Figure 3. 
         
  
LM a PA UNIH 
M LAM Pd A 
Ur PS, 
RAS Vd t oA 
P wy j^ 
  
  
Figure 3. Data structure 
2.2 Panoramic Image Acquisition 
Panoramic images were built and georeferenced in several 
steps: 
1) Photographs 
monuments. 
2) Points in which photos taken were measured by 
handheld GPS. 
3) Panoramic images were built on computer. Then they 
were exported to small size video images. 
4) Points measured by GPS were georeferenced at 
Historical Information System (HIS) as node graphic 
data. 
were taken outside historical 
Pantepoptes outside was chosen for panoramic images. To build 
panorama, Olympus C-4040 digital camera, and a tripod were 
used. Trial version of 3dvista studio was also used as software. 
While photograph point was chosen, we paid attention to catch 
best view best point. So different aspects of Pantepoptes could 
have been showed at panoramic images. 
Two points could have been just choosen as panoramic images 
due to narrow area around the moument. 360" degree view was 
gotten in the each point Approximately eight or ten 
photographs were taken so as to get pure each panoramic 
image. Preceding image overlaped following image at most 
50%. Therefore, a cylindrical panorama was obtained. Figure 4 
illustrates structure of cylindrical panorama. 
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