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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
the Table 1, the deciduous and current hazelnut areas mostly 
overlapped on the planted hazelnut areas. The general PHA, 
which is determined according to existing land cover, 
consists of deciduous trees (51.4%) and the current hazelnut 
areas (27.9%). When the forest (including deciduous, 
coniferous and mix wood) and settlement areas were 
extracted from general PHA, the rest of the area was found 
47.296 hectares (28.71%) which was called as ideal PHA. It 
is stated before that the existing current hazelnut arcas 
determined from Landsat ETM+ satellite image was 
calculated as 71.402 hectares. When compared the results 
mentioned above with regulations about hazelnut plant, it 
was seen that much more current hazelnut area amounting to 
24.105 ha (5.17%) was determined. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Land cover type PHA (ha) | Rate (%) 
Deciduous 52094 51.4 
Hazelnut 28263 27.9 
Agriculture 14386 14.2 
Pasture 2347 2.3 
Green Tea 2219 2.2 
Coniferous 940 0.9 
Settlement 531 0.5 
Mixwood 516 0.5 
Rocky 80 0.1 
Total 101376 
  
  
  
  
  
Table 1. The planted hazelnut areas according to land cover 
When the forest, settlement and current agricultural areas are 
subtracted from the general PHA, there exists a remaining 
PHA area of 32.909 hectares (7.06%). Therefore, it appears 
that there are 38.492 ha (8.26%) extra hazelnut planted areas 
in Trabzon. And thus, when forest, settlement and 
agricultural areas are eliminated, the areas where hazelnut 
Production is allowed in accordance with current regulations 
are quite restricted in the province. The map showing current 
hazelnut planted areas together with the calculated PHA is 
presented in Figure 2. 
The current hazelnut areas are determined as 49.270 hectares 
in a study conducted by Trabzon Agriculture and Rural 
Affairs in 2001. When this reported data and data extracted 
from satellite image about the current hazelnut areas for the 
same region were compared, there appears a total of 22.131 
hectares difference in current hazelnut arcas. The hazelnut 
harvest for the year of 2001 in Trabzon province is 64.863 
tones (Anonymous, 2001). Besides, the quantity of hazelnut 
in a hectare is changeable between 600-1000 kg in Turkey. 
The average hazelnut yield in an acre in Turkey is 
approximately 100 kg (Marti, 2001). Consequently, in order 
to be able to reach the proposed hazelnut yield for Trabzon, it 
is clearly seen that an area of between 64.000 - 100.000 
hectares is required. 
S. CONCLUSION 
In this study, the procedures were applied to determine the 
current and potential hazelnut harvesting areas in Trabzon, 
Turkey. First of all the planted hazelnut areas were 
determined using a Landsat ETM+ satellite image. The 
Landsat satellite has a crucial role for determining land cover. 
Especially, spectral resolution of Landsat is very important in 
determining land cover. In this study, adequate results were 
obtained in determining the hazelnut areas by doing the 
classification procedures of Landsat ETM+ satellite image. 
Finally, using the ability of GIS, PHA is determined with 
some criteria that existing regulations are required for a 
sustainable hazelnut production policy. 
  
  
GIRESUN 
i 
  
  
  
TRABZON PROVINCE POTENTIAL HAZELNUT AREAS 
Et e eer \ x. i 
Bi Resti ht & fe À ^ 
stricted Centre BER Potential hazelnut areas (47.298 ha) = à C ( \ X 
// Pesticted Boundry £175 Planted hazelnut areas (71.404 ha) > LEA > ^ m > 
“ Province boundry Giron as GUMUSH ANE 2 4 [Y à { 
f^ Road 7 a 7 14 km = i ns STEN ey ) 
puni MR nen] Vel BAYBURT est 
TRABZON PROVINCE PLANTED H 
  
  
  
Figure 2. The current and potential hazelnut areas of Trabzon 
377