International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
An orthophotomosaic is produced on the basis of the DEM, 
generated from 3D vector objects and points, for the entire 
territory. 
The maximum deviation with linear objects is 1.20 m, which is 
within the graphical accuracy for the corresponding map scale. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No Xm-Xg | Ym-Yg Zm-Zg dXY 
[m] [m] [m] [m] 
12 -0.06 -0.00 025* 0.06 
23 -0.01 -0.06 0.17 0.06 
14 0.07 0.02 0.18 0.08 
15 0.01 -0.05 0.17 0.05 
25 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.09 
32 0.00 -0.00 0.11 0.01 
35 0.05 0.03 0.34* 0.05 
36 -0.02 0.06 0.15 0.06 
45 0.04 -0.07 0.12 0.08 
RMS: 0.04 0.05 0.19 0.06 
MAX: 0.07 0.08 0.34* 0.09 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table 4. Check points residuals 
An orthophotomosaic on the basis of the DEM, generated from 
3D vector objects and points, for the entire territory is 
produced. The situation including roads and buildings over the 
orthoimages were digitized and superimposed. The result is 
well done coincidence of outlines and completeness of visible 
information. The maximum deviation with linear objects is 1.20 
m, which is within the graphical accuracy for the corresponding 
map scale. 
For topographic and cadastral maps at 1:5000 scale the satellite 
imagery meets the requirements for accuracy of information. 
8. 3D VISUALISATION OF A PART OF SOFIA 
The advance of computer technology in Digital 
Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information 
Systems, Real Time 3D Digital Model and Visualization 
Systems have enhanced undoubtedly in recent years. 
Three-dimensional visualisation gives information directly 
perceptible to human brains in such a detailed way that 
conventional plannar way of presentations are not capable. The 
applications of this realistic method of real time visualization 
could be seen in many fields (engineering, urban and city 
planning, architecture, design, science and art). Such a 
visualization can be obtained using DEM, high resolution 
orthophotos, satellite images and another data needed for the 
used software product. 
The research in this field is started with collecting all accessible 
data from our GIS data using ArcView software. Easily from 
plannar visualization we obtained 3D buildings. Various colors 
are used according to their proper floor illustration (Figure 3). 
The experimental buildings are visualized on the panchromatic 
satellite image stretched over the surface (Figure 4) and on the 
Figure 5. They are situated on DEM for a better surface 
visualization. Other experiments are made also for various 
390 
applications. The aim is to reach the most geometrically correct 
and real looking tree-dimensional model. For this reason several 
software products are tested, and a 3D model is generated. 
  
  
Figure 4. Buildings situated on the panchromatic satellite : 
image 
  
Figure 5. The basis on this figure is DEM 
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