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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
Figure l(a). 3D view of 50m DEM 
  
  
Figure 2. Precise GIS Map 
  
  
3. INTEGRATION OF 10M DEM WITH PRECISE GIS 
MAP 
3.1 Precise GIS Map 
First, it is necessary to prepare reference data as a basic scheme 
so as to create 3D GIS system. In the present study, a precise 
GIS map by Kitakyushu City in Japan has been used as a digital 
map, which is quite accurate. A part of the map is shown as in 
Figure 2, which shows near a coast of the City. The map is 
updated in every year by Kitakyushu City Office, which 
consists of standard features such as roads, railroads, highways, 
stations, major buildings. and bridges, but also individual 
residential area. 
3.2 Integration of 10m DEM 
There are two ways to integrate 10m DEM with a digital map. 
The first one is to integrate 10m DEM in a shape file format, 
which format is basically a vector type, so it is easy to perform 
it. Integration from a shape file is suitable to visualize a 3D 
image using TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) as a global 
surface model. À part of 3D view by using TIN is shown as in 
Figure 3. Although triangulated network is highly dense in 
areas with high undulation of land surface, it is not dense in 
areas with low undulation. 
  
Figure 3. A part of 3D view by using TIN 
The other one is to use a raster data format as original Tiff 
file. This method is direct processing of all points, which gives 
its elevation to each point. In a case of processing from raster 
data, elevation data are given even in plane area. However, 
processing time in raster data is much lager than that in using 
TIN. 
3.3 Integration of IKONOS Imagery 
In order to obtain 3D surface model on GIS system, high- 
resolution satellite images have been used for integration with a 
digital map. As satellite image one-meter pan-sharpen image 
from IKONOS satellite is adopted for land surface covers. Onc- 
meter resolution images are sufficient for resolution of 10m 
DEM. Figure 4 shows the IKONOS image corresponding to 
Figure 2.