ements of the new 
ries are previously 
photo Map) with a 
some certain area. 
are calculated by 
xterior orientation 
nventional bundle 
erent the adjusted 
fixed imageries is 
which are purely 
opographic maps. 
lication future on 
nporal imageries. 
e requirements of 
(Cannon, 1996; 
)2: Yastikli and 
on of the digital 
ts (DEM, DOM, 
ponding database 
abase records 3D 
tabase stores the 
iccessed and used. 
. In addition, the 
m can take photo 
technologies for 
atial information 
| use some fixed 
le new imageries 
become greatly 
tudies how to set 
terior orientation 
 imageries in the 
on parameters of 
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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
2. MATHMATIC MODEL OF ADJUSTMENT 
Generally, the model of self-calibration bundle block 
adjustment can be written in matrix form as following: 
V =d+Brils-/., E 
FÉ = Es-I, P 
s Ss 
(1) 
Where, 
V. isthe correction vector of image coordinates; 
X 
V. is the correction vector of virtual observation of 
additional parameters; 
F p; . 
x=| AY AZ] is the vector increment of the 
unknowns of object point coordinates; 
t=|dp do deu, AX, ALT ds the 
vector increment of the unknowns of exterior 
orientation elements; 
T. S m 
s= [a, 05. 4; A | is the vector of additional 
parameters; 
A, B,C are three coefficient matrices whose elements 
are the partial derivatives of the collinearity 
condition equations with respect to the unknowns 
1.X.C.. respectively; 
E E_E_ are three unit matrices! 
x-(xX)| , sit 
QU is the residual vector of image 
Mey 
coordinates. Where, x, y is the image observations; (x), 
(v) is the approximation of image coordinates 
calculated by the collinearity condition equation; 
l|. is the residual vector of the virtual observations of 
additional parameters; 
P. is the weight matrix of the virtual observations of 
additional parameters, and it can be determined by the 
sign-noise rate of the image observations; 
According to equation (1), error equations are formulated for 
each point in the new imageries and the fixed imageries. 
  
  
Figure 1. DOM 
The empirical block covers a totally mountainous area about 
E52 ; ; ; e : 
695km^ extension. The maximum height difference of the 
terrain is 926m. Because the height difference is so large, the 
aerial simulated photography are carried out with normal-angle 
camera at the scales of 1:20,000 and 1:40,000, and at each scale 
Additionally, regarding obtained exterior orientation elements 
as weighted measurements, the equation can be formulated as: 
V E: I. p (2) 
Where, 
V, is the correction vector of observations of exterior 
orientation elements; 
l 
, 1s the residual vector of observations of exterior 
orientation elements, it is zero when regarding exterior 
orientation elements of the fixed imageries as 
approximation; 
; 
CG, ; ; : ; : : 
P -—E is the weight matrix of observations of 
o 
t 
: ; ; 0 - x 
exterior orientation elements. o, is the variance of 
image coordinates, o; is the variance of exterior 
orientation elements. 
By combining equation (1) and equation (2), the mathematic 
model is formulated, which solutes exterior orientation 
elements of the new imageries by using fixed imageries in the 
same area. Of course, the orientation parameters of the fixed 
imageries must be previously obtained. When the same points 
in the two periods of imageries are measured and the account 
are enough, it can not only determine the exterior orientation 
elements of new imageries, but also solute 3D coordinates of 
all ground objects. 
3. SIMULATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH 
To verify the correctness of the mathematic model mentioned 
above and test the practical accuracy of the combined bundle 
block adjustment, several sets of aerial imageries at different 
scales are simulated in this paper. They are acquired based on a 
piece of DOM with a scale of 1:50,000 and the corresponding 
DEM with the interval of grid being 100 meters. Figure 1 and 
figure 2 show the DOM and DEM in the same area, 
respectively. 
  
Figure 2. DEM 
the testing area is several times covered by imageries with 
different flight pattern. During the simulated photography, the 
exterior orientation elements of each image are previously 
assumed according to aerial photographic specification. for 
1:5,000 !! 1:10,000 11 1:25,000 1 1:50,000  1:100,000 scale