International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
SATELLITE IMAGE PIXEL IDEAL VECTOR 
TYPE SIZE MAP SCALE 
SPOT-1,2,3,.4 P 10m 1/50.000 
SPOT-1,2,3,4 XS 20m 1/100.000 
SPOT-1, 2, 3, 4 P+XS 10m 1/50.000 
LANDSAT-1,2,3,4,5 MSS | 80m 1/250.000 
LANDSAT-1,2,3,4,5 TM | 30m 1/100-250.000 
ERS-1/2 SAR Radar 30m 1/100-250.000 
KVR-1000 (Russian) 2m 1/25.000 
KFA-1000 (Russian) 5-10 m 1/50.000 
TK-350 Camera (Russian) 10m 1/50.000 
MK-4 Camera (Russian) 12-24 m 1/100.000 
KATE-200 (Russian) 10-30 m 1/100.000 
MOMS-01/02 PAN 4.5m 1/50.000 
IRS-1C/1D Radar 6 m 1/50.000 
EROS-A PAN 1.3m 1/25.000 
EROS-B PAN | m 1/25.000 
EROS-A/B MSS 4.5m 1/50.000 
SPOT-5 P 5m 1/50.000 
SPOT-5 XS 10m 1/50.000 
SPOT-6 P 2.5m 1/25.000 
LANDSAT-7 P 15m 1/100.000 
LANDSAT-7 MSS 30m 1/100-250.000 
IKONOS P 1m 1/10-25.000 
IKONOS MSS 4m 1/50.000 
IKONOS P+MSS Im 1/10-25.000 
EyeGlass TM 1m 1/10-25.000 
QuickBird P 0.6-0.8 m | 1/10-25.000 
QuickBird MSS 2m 1/25.000 
EarlyBird P 3m 1/25-50.000 
EarlyBird MSS 15m 1/50-100.000 
  
  
Table 2. Suitable map scales recommended for the production 
and revision of vector image maps from various satellite images 
The probable matters which are expected to continue in the high 
resolution satellite images are to be some limitations in the band 
numbers (minimum |, maximum 4 bands), to provide the 
possibility for the production and revision of maximum 
1/25.000 or smaller scale maps, to cover a fairly small areas 
such as maximum a 15 km x 15 km and minimum a 10 km x 10 
km, to reach to 30-40 days of the period of a satellite coming to 
the same observation point, to continue to be affected from 
many meteorological conditions such as cloud, fog, haze, rain 
and snow, and, not to know exactly to whom belongs the 
priorities in the satellite ground stations which enter the 
effective area to cach other (Clauss, 1995). 
Satellite images can be in analogue or digital formats (mostly 
digital). They can be obtained with two different ways; 
programming (new and up-to-date images) and archived images 
(old images). Satellite images are used for the creation of both a 
vector GIS and a raster GIS. All topographical graphic vector 
data which can be seen on the images can be captured from the 
satellite images, but, it is nearly impossible to extract attribute 
information from them. An example of satellite images 
(Landsat-MSS) is shown in Figure-2. 
  
Figure 2. An example of satellite images (Landsat-MSS) 
2.3 Sensor Data 
The sensor data are the data resources collected from various 
sensor systems, namely laser profiling systems and radar 
systems mounted on the aircrafts and satellites. The most 
significant difference between the sensor data and other satellite 
camera/scanner data is to obtain this data from the microwave 
region of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) instead of visible 
light. All these data are completely offered in digital format to 
the users. Multiband sensor images have been started to use in 
the production of middle and small scale topographic maps, 
geodetic activities, creation of GIS data bases and some military 
applications in connection with their resolution rates and pixel 
sizes (Wiley, 1986). 
The sensor data can only be in digital format. In view of the use 
in the creation of a vector or raster GIS and obtaining graphic 
and non-graphic data, the sensor data are the same as the 
satellite images. But, they are generally used for the collection 
of some thematic information necessary for a GIS. 
2.4 Printed Maps 
Analogue (line) printed maps produced with various methods 
are important data resources which are commonly used in the 
creation of a GIS. For establishing of a GIS by using of the 
printed maps as sheet layouts, the main important points which 
are necessary for paying attention are explained below. The 
printed maps should be up-to-date; be produced by reliable 
methods such as geodetic, topographic, tacheometric and 
photogrammetric methods; be compatible to the final aim and 
the scale of GIS to be set up; contain all features and details 
which the map scale requires; not be shifted in a large amount; 
provide for the possibility of reading 3 dimensional coordinates 
(X,Y,Z) of the features and points in the ground surface. But, in 
the printed maps, there are various errors such as cartographic 
drafting and printing errors, photogrammetric stereo map 
compilation errors, some errors occurred in the drafting and 
inking of the photogrammetric revision plates, topographic map 
completion errors etc. The most important advantage of the 
printed maps regarding to other geographic data resources is to 
have many attribute data in addition to the graphic data. The 
main important disadvantage of them is usually not to be up-to- 
date (Ozbalmumcu, 1999). 
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