stanbul 2004 
uration and 
pling points 
taken in the 
lines and 
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er to collect 
used. These 
(metric and 
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on the aerial 
| finally, the 
1, 1998). 
t processing 
nd capture), 
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ised in the 
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ind satellite 
manual and 
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creo plotters 
ia collection 
the digital 
2 techniques 
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a new GIS. 
firstly, they 
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are usually 
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names of 
natural and 
oads, towers 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
etc. In. up-to-date catalogues; the names of new settlement 
areas, the names of the villages and cities which were removed 
from the settlement and all the changes of the names of urban 
areas are offered to the users on various maps, graphs, plans and 
documents. This data is generally in the form of attribute 
information which has a complementary specification of an 
existing GIS (Bank et.all, 1995). 
2.13 Reports, Records and Documents 
Other data resources which can be used in the creation of a GIS 
are the documents and information resources which contain 
several attribute data belonging to the topographic features. The 
data resources included in this group are: the reports, records, 
documents, some statistical data; some notes, papers and 
information forms which are hold in doing the stereo 
photogrammetric map compilation; the data collected by the 
topographic map updating and completion, topographic 
information plates; inventories, 3-dimensional coordinates 
(X,Y,Z) and DEM files in ASCII format. The attribute data are 
the secondary date resources (Bank et.all, 1995). 
Obtained 
2.14 Existing Project Data From the 
Governmental Organizations 
Analogue or digital maps, graphic and thematic data registered 
onto printed materials, some graphic and attribute data obtained 
from the documents, reports, inventories, the records obtained 
from the projects realized by the governmental organizations 
can be additionally used in establishing of a GIS. The data 
resources in this group are really easy to use and economic. The 
availability of up-to-date, accurate, reliable graphic and non 
graphic data has really a great importance. The project data in 
digital form obtained from the governmental organizations can 
be used directly in the GIS by applying for several 
transformations. But, for the use of the graphic project data 
produced in analogue form, it is necessary that these data 
should be firstly digitized 2-dimensonally with a cartographic 
digitization method in accordance with the kinds of available 
data resources, and then the, 2-dimensional graphic data should 
transformed to 3- dimensional data (Ozbalmumcu, 1999). 
3. CONCLUSION 
In order to create GIS data bases for different purposes, many 
different data resources explained in detail in the article can be 
used. These data resources are the terrestrial and aerial 
photographs, satellite images, sensor data; printed 
maps/plans/graphs, map printing plates, up-to-date 
photogrammetric/topographic revision information plates; ortho 
images, orthophoto maps, image maps; Digital Elevation 
Models (DEM), Digital Terrain Models (DTM), existing digital 
maps, Geographic Data Base (GDB) and Geographic 
Information System (GIS) data; atlases, gazetteers records and 
documents. Some of them (ex: printed maps, map printing 
plates) are mainly used for the establishment of vector GIS data 
bases, some of them (orthophotos, orthophoto mosaics) are 
generally used for establishing of raster GIS data bases. Some 
data resources are only used for the collection of graphic data 
(ex: aerial photographs, satellite images), some of them are only 
used for the collect of non-graphic information (ex: some 
documents, reports, gazetteers, reports), a few of them are used 
for the collection of both graphic and non-graphic data (ex: 
printed maps, map printing plates) The basic concept in the 
establishment of any GIS data base should be to use the most 
reliable, up-to-date, accurate and appropriate data resources for 
the final aim of the user. 
References from Journals: 
Baltsavias, E., P., 1993, Integration of Ortho-Images in GIS, 
Photogrammetric Week'93, Stuttgart, Germany, pp.261-272. 
Clauss, M., 1995, Demands on Electro-Optical Cameras for 
Sensing and Mapping, Photogrammetric — Weck'95, 
Fritsch/Hobbie (Eds.) September 1995, Stuttgart, Germany, 
pp.37-44. 
Gruen, A., 1998, Data Handling Il-Digital Terrain Models 
Generation and Visualization Symposium on Digital 
Photogrammetry, ITU, Istanbul, Turkey, pp.1-16. 
OEEPE, 1991, Test on Orthophoto and Stereo Orthophoto 
Accuracy, OEEPE Official Publication, No:25, May 1991, 
Enschede, Netherlands. 
References from Books: 
Krauss, K., 1993, Photogrammetry Volume-1, Fundamentals 
and Standard Processes, Fourth Edition, Ferd Dümmler Verlag, 
Bonn, Germany. 
Orüklü, E. 1988, Remote Sensing Notebook, Official 
Publications of YTÜ, No:198, istanbul, Turkey (Turkish). 
Wiley, J., 1986, Remote Sensing Methods and Applications, 
USA. 
References from Other Literature: 
Alkis, A., Ozer, H., 1996, The Height Information Data Base for 
the 3" Dimension in the GISs, CBS-96, Geographic Information 
Systems Symposium, Yildiz Technical University (YTÜ)- 
Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Istanbul, Turkey, pp.339- 
. 341 (Turkish). 
597 
Bank, E., Ozbalmumcu, M., Tastan, H., Tekgül, A., 1995, A 
Method Design for Updating and Revision of Digital Vector 
Maps, the 100^ Year of Turkish Mapping History, The Paper 
Book of TUJJB and TUFUAB Congresses, Ankara, Turkey, 
Vol.4, pp.1230-1239 (Turkish). 
Onder, M., 1997, Performing of Brief Evaluation About the 
Contribution of the Satellite Images in the Topographical 
Application and the Expectations in the Near Future, TUFUAB, 
A Seminar of 3" Remote Sensing and Its Applications in 
Turkey, 16-18 May 1997, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, 
Vol. VII, pp.27-41 (Turkish). 
Ózbalmumcu, M., 1999, Investigation of Data Resources, Data 
Collection Systems and Spatial Data Collection Methods Used 
for the Creation of A Geographic Information System (GIS), 
Ph.Thesis, 15 Nov 1999, YTU, istanbul, Turkey, pp.37-56 
(Turkish).