Full text: XVIIIth Congress (Part B1)

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THE GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF A VEHICLE BASED 3 LINE CCD CAMERA SYSTEM FOR DATA ACQUISITION 
OF 3D CITY MODELS 
Markus Maresch, Peter Duracher 
Institute for Computer Graphics 
Technical University Graz 
A-8010 Graz, AUSTRIA 
email: {maresch,duracher}@icg.tu-graz.ac.at 
WWW: http://www.icg.tu-graz.ac.at/^[maresch,duracher] 
Commision |, Working Group 1/3 
KEY WORDS: linear CCD array, facade recording, 3D city model, motion disturbance, exterior orientation. 
ABSTRACT 
This paper presents the geometric design of a new approach for an automatic vehicle based recording of building facades. 
It is based on the use of 3 partially inclined and vertical linear CCD arrays as the primary data sources. Other sensors 
support the retrieval of the exterior orientation. This mobile camera is used for data acquisition of the geometric model of 
building facades and the recording of high resolution photo texture. The requirements and constraints for this system and the 
theoretical background for the effect of motion disturbance due to sensor motion are discussed, and lead to the arguments for 
the development of the proposed system. We show recordings from a line sensor and discuss preliminary results in automatic 
motion detection. Methods for the creation of normalized images are explained. The major advantages of the proposed system 
of conventional area imaging technologies are the possibility of continuous recording, high resolution images, acceptable amount 
of data and the fulfilled requirements for the data acquisition of photo-realistic textured 3D city models. Our approach offers 
an inexpensive data acquisition method for generating photo-realistic textured city models and provides good raw data for 
reconstruction of a geometric model of a building's facade. 
KURZFASSUNG 
In diesem Bericht beschreiben wir das geometrische Design einer neuen Methode zur automatischen fahrzeugbasierten Auf- 
nahme von Gebàudefassaden. Die Kamera basiert auf 3 teilweise vertikal orientierten CCD Zeilen als Primársensoren, sowie 
weiteren Sensoren, welche die Rekonstruktion der àuBeren Orientierung unterstützen. Diese mobile Kamera wird für die 
Datenerfassung des Geometriemodels von Gebäudefassaden und der Aufnahme von Phototextur mit hoher Auflósung ver- 
wendet. Die Anforderungen an dieses System, die Limitierung, sowie der theoretische Hintergrund für die Auswirkung von 
Bewegungsstórungen auf Grund der Sensorbewegung werden behandelt, und führen zu Argumenten für die Entwicklung des 
vorgestellten Systems. Es werden Aufnahmen mit einem Zeilensensor gezeigt und erste Ergebnisse einer automatischen Bewe- 
gungserkennung dargestellt. Methoden zur Erzeugung von Normalbildern werden erklärt. Die größten Vorteile des vorgestellten 
Systems gegenüber herkömmlicher flächenbasierter Aufnahmeverfahren stellen die Möglichkeit einer kontinuierlichen Aufnahme, 
hohe Auflösung der Zeilen und ein vertretbares Datenvolumen dar. Unser Ansatz bietet eine billige Aufnahmemethode zur 
Erzeugung photorealistisch texturierter Stadtmodelle und liefert gute Rohdaten für die Rekonstruktion des Geometriemodells 
von Gebäudefassaden. 
1 INTRODUCTION 
1.1 Photo-realistic textured 3D city models 
Photo-realistic textured 3D city models offer new and exciting 
possibilities for city planning, interactive visualization of the 
dataset, simulation, training and effective data manipulation 
[GMB95]. 
Input-data for city models consist, among others, of 2D data 
from geographical information systems (GIS), digital terrain 
models, aerial photographs and images of facades taken from 
street level. The fusion of GIS data and data derived from 
aerial photographs results in a coarse model, the so-called 
building box [GMB95]. 
1.2 Related work 
  
Compared to methods of [Fra95], using a camera with fish-eye 
lens on top of a car, [Koc93], [Koc95] using video cameras, Figure 1: Snapshot of a photo-realistic textured 3D 
and [AB95] using a combination of Video, GPS and odomet- city model ("Eisenes Tor", Graz, Austria). The fusion 
ric sensors, we propose a system based on line geometry. of data derived from aerial photographs and images of 
The latter technology and the use of linear CCD lines in satel- facades taken from street level can be observed. 
lite scanners is described in [ORS* 92], [Hof86b], [WSS94], 
[DLW86], [Ebn92] in great detail. 
121 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B1. Vienna 1996 
 
	        
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