International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
possible configurations of really existing paths of visitors in 
archaeological areas. 
The experimentation regarded: 
l. accuracy measurement along a path; 
2. precision measurement going along the same path 
many times; 
3. Stability of measurements over a fixed station point; 
4. influences on measurement by external factors as 
presence of trees, buildings, etc. 
All the tests were carried out referring to high accuracy 
measurements made with a GPS in static way. 
The check of the results were made according to U.S. National 
Standard of Spatial Data Accuracy. 
During the tests, the operator went along the test path at a 
moderate walking speed, simulating the same behaviour as 
going around in an archaeological site. 
The test path is composed by straight and curve elements (these 
last ones with a radius of 3 meters) and, along the path, some 
check points has been defined, surveyed by a GPS with a static 
method. 
So, after these operations, it has been verified that the use of 
GPS is suitable for open sites also with dispersed trees, and then 
it has been started a second stage of tests in two archaeological 
areas (Solunto, Monte Jato) carrying out both a cinematic 
survey and a static survey (this last in order to define some 
reference points). 
3. TYPOLOGIES STUDIES ABOUT ARCHAEOLO- 
GICAL AREAS 
Starting the research, a deep investigation on dimensional and 
distributive features of many archaeological sites in Sicily has 
been carried out, in order to set the methodology and the 
procedure to developing the project. 
  
  
  
  
  
Fig. 1 — Examples of orthogonal streets plan of archaeological 
sites of Camarina and Hymera 
The analysis of every site, the emerging observations 
comparing the different sites each other and also with Greek 
models permitted to extrapolate the grammar and the syntax of 
urban Hellenistic architecture. 
Through this activity it was possible to define the typological 
structure of archaeological cities in Sicily, that is resumed as 
follow. 
The urban plan is characterized by an orthogonal grid, that 
characterizes Hellenistic urban planning also known like 
hippodamian, from the name of architect Hyppodamus of 
Miletus (Fig. 1). 
The hierarchical layout of the plan is organized in main 
longitudinal streets, large from 6 to 10 meters, intersecting in an 
orthogonal direction secondary streets, large from 3 to 6 meters, 
concurring to form rectangular blocks, 28-40x60-190 meters, 
(Fig. 2). 
  
  
cab Tt 
= 2 ; ; qnas TTT — 55 $ 
Fig. 2 — Detailed layout of archacological sites of Morgantina 
and Heraclea Minoa 
ELF 
    
  
  
  
  
The acropolis, the holy space that hosts main temples, is 
situated in the upper part of the city, and it is characterized by 
its own city walls and by a spatial layout that includes buildings 
and big open areas (Fig. 3). 
  
  
  
  
  
Fig. 3 — The acropolis of Selinunte 
The public space constitutes the nucleus of these urban plans; 
inside it, there is the agorà, usually delimited by arcades, the 
bouleuterion (building including a semicircular cavea for 
meetings of local senate), the theatre, the gymnasium, the 
thermae, etc. (Fig. 4). All the buildings, in this area, were 
assigned to people services: sometimes they had small 
dimensions, and were integrated by wide and articulated open 
spaces. 
According to previously exposed considerations, it is possible 
to say that the exploration (seen as visitor moving) can be of 
two types: 
[. paths along the orthogonal streets, and hence in long 
and thin spatial areas; 
2. paths without constraints in sacred areas and in public 
spaces. 
Besides the verification of applicative potentiality of the 
integrated GPS-GIS, for navigational purposes in archaeological 
sites, must be developed starting from the limit situation, 
represented by minimum and maximum width (3-10 m) of 
streets of whatever urban plan; in this case it is necessary to use 
instruments with a positional accuracy within 1 meter (about). 
A first test has been carried out in the archaeological site of 
Solunto (near Palermo). The activities were aimed to survey the 
site with GPS instruments in order to correctly georeference the 
available raster map. 
  
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