Full text: Proceedings, XXth congress (Part 2)

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DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF DATABASE APPLICATIONS FOR ARMED FORCES 
PURPOSES, C2IS AND THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 
ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS PROCESS 
A.Kopar 
3 ncu Kolordu K.Ligi Is. S. 34398 Ayazaga Istanbul, Turkey — akopar@yahoo.com 
KEY WORDS: ATCCIS (Army Tactical Command and Control Information System), C2IS (Command & Control Information 
Systems), C3 (Consultation, Command and Control), GIS (Geographic Information System), LRP (Land 
Recognized Picture), MIP (Multilateral Interoperability Program), NATO ACE ACCIS (NATO Allied Command 
Europe Automated Command, Control and Information System), NC3A (NATO Consulting, Command and 
Control Agency). 
ABSTRACT: 
During the last few years developing computer industry has realized one of the potential, which is the Armed Forces Applications. 
The nature of the Functional Applications was appropriate for the database systems. This is because the manual file organization and 
the flow charts were available for being computerized. Nevertheless classical database queries became insufficient in satisfying the 
needs of the users. The reason for this was the requirement of professional users who knew Structured Query Language (SQL) and 
database technology very well. Only in the standalone Geographic Information System (GIS) software it was possible to have visual 
analysis. 
By the integration of the database applications and GIS engines, data reliability check and visual analysis opportunities were 
provided to the users. However there were some disadvantages of the hybrid environment. These are SQL proficiency requirements, 
limitations and low performance of the GIS environment in terms of digital data presentations. 
Currently, command and Control Information Systems (C2IS) are serving as Decision Support Systems (DSS). Many different 
functional information systems such as transportation and movement, health, logistics, intelligence etc. come together under the 
umbrella of C21S. These kinds of complex information systems had needed some standards for applications and dedicated database 
architectures. International Security Organizations (ISO) ruled these standards (such as NATO ACE ACCIS GIS trial results, 
ATCCIS or MIP architectures) for the member countries and users to secure the interoperability among the C21S which were 
developed independently. At the end of this period, a new kind of problem arose. Existed database architectures and GIS would be- 
compatible with the ruled standards to secure interoperability. In order to achieve this purpose instructions have been prepared in the 
form that is internationally agreed on for volumes of the Archives. 
KURZFASSUNG: 
In den letzten Jahren hat die Computerindustrie ein neues Potenzial erkannt — Anwendungen im militárischen Bereich. Die Struktur 
der funktionalen Anwendungensbereiche war für Datenbanksysteme geeignet. Dieses liegt vor allem daran, dass nun Zahlenwerke, 
Funktionen und Tabellen digitalisiert eingegeben und dargestellt werden können. Allerdings waren die klassischen 
Datenbankabfragen nicht geeignet für die Bedürfnisse aller Nutzer. Der Grund dafür waren die erforderlichen SQL Kenntnisse und 
Datenbanktechnologien von professionellen Endnutzern. Allein mit der Geographic Information System (GIS) Software ist es 
móglich, visuelle Abfragen und Analysen vorzunehmen. 
Mit der Integration von Datenbankanwendungen und GIS-Systemen konnten dem Nutzer die Móglichkeiten für eine Uberprüfung 
von Daten und eine visuelle Auswertung angeboten werden. Allerdings mussten einige LeistungseinbuBen wegen der Verbindung 
dieser beiden Systeme in Kauf genommen werden. Damit sind vor allem die SQL Leistungsforderungen, sowie die Grenzen und 
geringerer Geschwindigkeit der GIS-Umgebung in Bezug auf die Darstellung digitalisierter Daten gemeint. 
Zur Zeit dienen ‘Command & Control Informations Systeme’ (C2IS) als Führungsunterstützungssysteme (Decision Support Systems 
DSS). Derartige Systeme finden sich in verschiedenen funktionalen Bereichen, wie zum Beispiel Transport-, Logistik- oder 
Gesundheitswesen oder auch der Aufklürung und Informationsgewinnung und lassen sich als C21-Systeme subsummieren. Derartig 
komplexe Informationssysteme bedurften Standards für Anwendungen und den Aufbau der Datenbanken. Internationale 
Sicherheitsorganisationen (ISO) gaben den Mitgliedsstaaten und Anwendern entsprechende Standards vor (wie zum Beispiel NATO 
ACE ACCIS GIS Versuchsreihe oder ATCCIS Aufbau), um die Interoperabilitát dort sicherzustellen, wo Systeme unabhängig 
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