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International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004
The situation of the solar-terrestrial space environment is not
static, but is the kinds of form, many time scale disturbances:
And the source of the space environment disturbances is sun.
The solar activities directly influence the environment situation
of earth space, and the high-energy radiation and particle flow,
which caused by the sun eruption, can bring many earth
physical effects around the earth. All kinds of solar activities
mainly include solar flare, solar radio burst, Coronal Mass
Ejection and high-speed: solar wind streams. And the
disturbances: of the terrestrial space environment include
geomagnetic disturbances, magnetospheric storm and substorm,
ionospheric storm. The interplanetary disturbance includes
interplanetary scintillation, interplanetary magnetic field variety
and cosmic rays.
In our research, the solar-terrestrial space environment includes
atmosphere, ionospheric plasma, geomagnetic field, high-
energy electric particle (solar cosmic rays, earth radiation belt
and galactic cosmic rays), space debris and meteoroid.
In order to numerically show the space environment elements, it
needs some environment modes. And the environment mode
transits all kinds of space environment process and phenomenal
into the forms can be calculated, and describes by more concept
and quantitative models. Based on the research and analysis to
the current space environment modes, the static distributing
space environment ^ element ^ modes ^ include the
following. (JIANG,2001) The atmosphere modes include MSIS,
MET (Marshall Engineering Thermosphere), HWM (Horizontal
neutral wind Mode) and CIRA (COSPAR International
Reference Atmosphere) mode. The ionospheric plasma modes
include IRI (International Reference lonosphere) and Chiu
model. The = geomagnetic field mode “includes IGRF
(International geomagnetic Reference Field) model. The high-
energy electric particle mode includes AE8& APS model. Also
space debris and meteoroid have their own models. In addition,
ISO/TC20/SC14/WG4 defines. the standard ^ about; Space
environment models.
2.3 The Concept of SIS
To show better. about thé entire solar-terrestrial space
environment, we consider all objects and ‘its one - other
influences: in space as the whole body, and form the concept
prototype of SIS finally.
SIS is the scientific system based the space information science.
It applies model space information theory to study: information
processing, data organizing, space modelling and digital
expressing of the solar-terrestrial space. objects and its space
environment. Moreover, it uses SciV technology to three-
dimension reproduction and visualization interactivity of space
objects, including Aerospace vehicle, natural body and space
debris and so on, and its environment. And it has some space
analysis, communication analysis, as well as evaluation
functions. The system flow chart in appendix
Its research objects are all objects in the solar-terrestrial space,
and research range is the entire solar-terrestrial space, and
research contents are space objects’ visualization modelling and
expressing. Certainly, it can be applied to study space objects’
interactive influence.
3. THE NECESSARY AND FEASIBILITY OF
APPLYING GIS TO SIS RESEARCH
3.1 The Necessary of Applying GIS to SIS
3.1.1 Studying Space itself
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The space environment is the foundation of human from earth
into ‘space. Be compared with the ground environment, the
space environment is more complex. Because the space
environment includes many objects; involves large space scale
and suffers more variation, describing the average distribution
situation of the space environment looks very important.
Especially, with the development of space technology. the
space activities are more frequent. And the aerospace vehicles
circle in different orbit space fields; the space environment
should influence not only the aerospace vehicles, but also its
material; apparatus; cabin equipment and cosmonaut in different
degree. With the more development of space resource utilizing,
people need the space weather to protect our space. activities:
Exploration, research, ‘understanding ‘and commanding the
space environment condition and applying them to serve our
space activities also become the necessary components in space
utilizing.
3.1.2... Studying the Sun-Earth Space As the Entire Body
Át present, more scientists gradually recognize the essentiality
of studying the solar-terrestrial space system as the entire body.
Although the solar-terrestrial space system is been divided into
many: fields; their mutual relation is very close and influence
one other. The main character of the space environment around
earth is affected by the energy condition and variation from the
sun. All kinds of the space environment variation and all the
space environment effect are sourced from the solar variety.
3.1.3 The Necessary of Applying GIS
Although GIS is mainly applied to geographic research, its.aim
and contents are expanded. more fields’ and many. theory,
methods can be used in: SIS. At present, the research about the
solar-terrestrial space is immersed in physics, mathematics
calculation and graphic visualization. How does we utilize these
mathematics models for aeronautics mission and offer analysis
and assistant decision-making functions, is becoming the stress
of the current: space environment. research. Moreover, GIS
technology ‘is the important tools: that can make; the space
environment model into spatial = disperse, parameter. and
visualization. In other words, GIS offer two-dimension, three-
dimension running frame by itself.(Li,2002) Because kinds of
data have its difference time-space scale and survey methods, it
should impose them into uniform geographic reference system
in actual application. Thus they can be used in: form of grid,
polygon, line, points and so on. In order to resolve these
problems, we need GIS to assist: the solar-terrestrial space
environment research.
3.2 The Feasibility of Applying GIS to SIS
3.2.1 Many Observation Data and Environment Models
With the advancement of observation, detection methods: to the
space environment, huge observation data are been accumulated.
Using the related data and mathematic base; scientist: work out
the corresponding mathematic models about the space
environment elements. The physical description to all kinds of
the space environment elements becomes the time-space digital
description. “All kinds of “historical data, index data’ and
environment variety data about the space environment was been
integrated into the standard. database, such as Oracle8i, SQL
Server. These data, same with the data in GIS; can be calculated
to get the. space data having space situation and time specialty
by using some data models and transform. By these processing,