nbul 2004 
  
tested with 
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produced a 
p. Figure 6 
lock. On a 
our models 
three strips 
  
  
  
  
ree strips 
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by an RC- 
. height of 
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strip test. 
Table 1. 
  
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16.1 
  
strip with 
asured on 
vith the 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
corresponding 36 ground-control points from the calibration 
range. Results for the three-strip block are provided in Table 2. 
  
  
Ground Coordinates (in em) X Y Height 
Arithmetic Mean Error -0.8 -0.1 -22.2 
Absolute Mean Error 14.6 77 223 
RMS Error 180 10.1 13.4 
  
~ 
Table 2. Comparison of processed data from 3 strips with 36 
target points on the calibration range. 
The statistics given in tables 1 and 2 show that the elevation 
measurements have a precision of approximately 1/7,000 of the 
flight height. Accuracy was also assessed by comparing more 
than 20 million points of DEM data processed from the OPPP 
with DEM data of the calibration range. 68.396 of the elevation 
differences are better than 16 cm, and 9094 have elevation 
differences of 27.5 cm. These test results indicate that the OPPP 
has a processing accuracy within the accuracy of the ground- 
targeted points of the calibration range. 
In a separate experiment using DID from the 4k x 4k DFC, a 
block of 5 strips comprised of 65 images was used to evaluate 
OPPP. Automatic processing of the DEM, orthophotos, and 
contour lines required 150 minutes on the same laptop computer 
but only 75 minutes on a PC with a 3-GHz processor. The 
ortho-image map generated by OPPP from the 65 digital images 
is shown in Figure 7. 
568500 fb 6X) 
    
  
  
    
1 
i 
i 
i 
4086500 30805 
8 
AQBEDCO ACHE 
40805500 
4085500 
4108000 |. À 4005000 
  
40844500 E; 4084500 
  
  
  
565000 565500 5p65000 
Figure 7. Mosaicked orthophoto map processed from 65 images 
using a DEM from 60 models. 
65 
2.3 Phase III 
Phase II, the testing and implementation of the RTPMS in the 
air, is in progress. A test will be conducted over the calibration 
range described above in order to provide an accurate 
assessment of the results. The test will consist of four flight- 
lines, as shown in Figure 8, flown in opposite directions, with 
five images in each strip. It is planned to use the 90-mm lens to 
collect imagerv at a photo scale of 1:18,000. Thirty-three 
targeted ground control points will be used for the evaluation 
and the results will be presented at the ISPRS 20th Congress. 
  
LM 
T" 
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 8. Flight plan with four strips of 25 images to be tested. 
Image scale will be 1:18,000. 
3. CONCLUSIONS 
Upon completion of Phase IIl, a RTPMS that inputs digital 
image data from a digital frame camera directly into 
photogrammetric software, processes DEM orthophotos and 
contour lines on the aircraft in real time without ground-control 
points or operator intervention will come to fruition. This 
development will prove to be a landmark achievement for the 
photogrammetric mapping community. 
REFERENCE 
Wu, S. S. C., 2004, Real-Time Photogrammetric Mapping 
System, Bechtel Nevada Annual Project Report (in press).