International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B3. Istanbul 2004
a b
À
€ d
Figure 5: Constraints at work: while the user modifies the
scene, constraints are simultaneously set up and solved.
(a) Scene with constraints, as defined in figure 3. (b) When
the primitives are turned, they keep aligned. (c) An ad-
ditional constraint is inserted which links the lower right
point of A to the lower left point of B. (d) The "rectangu-
lar" constraints are switched off for B, but the point and
line stay aligned.
regularity constraints of objects inside black boxes which
appear to the user as traditional CSG primitives. Thus, the
advantages of CSG and B-rep modelling are combined.
There is much room for extensions to obtain a truly inter-
active system. Even though there are not many constraints
to be “wired” by a user, inserting them should be very in-
tuitive — and not be associated with editing a graph repre-
sentation of the scene. For example, when a user drags an
object part close to another object, the system should au-
tomatically propose the constraints which make sense be-
tween the two objects involved. The same holds for associ-
ating primitives with measured or pre-segmented data. The
next step will be to apply the approach to a truly 2D/3D
setup, where image and laser scan data from aerial and ter-
restrial sensors are combined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work has been funded by the VolkswagenStiftung,
Germany, http://www.volkswagenstiftung.de/.
REFERENCES
Aichholzer, O., Aurenhammer, F., Alberts, D. and Gärtner, B.,
1995. A novel type of skeleton for polygons. Journal of Universal
Computer Science 1(12), pp. 752-761.
Brenner, C., 1999. Interactive modelling tools for 3D building
reconstruction. In: D. Fritsch and R. Spiller (eds), Photogram-
metric Week 99, Wichmann Verlag, pp. 23-34.
Brenner, C., 2000a. Dreidimensionale Gebäuderekonstruktion
aus digitalen Oberflächenmodellen und Grundrissen. PhD thesis,
Universität Stuttgart, Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, DGK
Reihe C, Nr. 530.
Brenner, C., 2000b. Towards fully automatic generation of city
models. In: IAPRS Vol. 32 Part 3, Amsterdam, pp. 85-92.
1090
de Berg, M., van Kreveld, M., Overmars, M. and Schwarzkopf,
O., 2000. Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applica-
tions. Springer.
Früh, C. and Zakhor, A., 2003. Constructing 3d city models
by merging ground-based and airborne views. IEEE Computer
Graphics and Applications, Special Issue Nov/Dec 2003 23(6),
pp. 52-61.
Grün, A. and Wang, X., 1998. CC-modeler: A topology generator
for 3-D city models. In: D. Fritsch, M. Englich and M. Sester
(eds), IAPRS, Vol. 32 Part 4, Stuttgart, pp. 188-196.
Grün, A. and Wang, X., 2001. News from CyberCity-modeler. In:
E. Baltsavias, A. Grün, and L. V. Gool (eds), Automatic Extrac-
tion of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images (Il),
Balkema Publishers, pp. 93-101.
Gülch, E. and Müller, H., 2001. New applications of semi-
automatic building acquisition. In: E. Baltsavias, A. Grün,
and L. V. Gool (eds), Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Ob-
jects from Aerial and Space Images (III), Balkema Publishers,
pp. 103-114.
Gülch, E., Müller, H. and Läbe, T., 1999. Integration of automatic
processes into semi-automatic building extraction. In: TAPRS,
Vol. 32 Part 3-2W5, München.
Haala, N. and Brenner, C., 1997. Interpretation of urban surface
models using 2D building information. In: A. Grün, E. Balt-
savias and O. Henricsson (eds), Automatic Extraction of Man-
Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images (II), Birkháuser,
Basel, pp. 213-222.
Heuel, S., 2002. Statistical Reasoning in Uncertain Projective
Geometry for Polyhedral Object Reconstruction. PhD thesis,
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitüt zu Bonn, Institut für
Photogrammetrie (to appear).
OpenSceneGraph, 2004. | www.openscenegraph.org/, last ac-
cessed 07. April 2004.
Rottensteiner, F. and Briese, C., 2003. Automatic generation of
building models from LIDAR data and the integration of aerial
images. In: H.-G. Maas, G. Vosselman and A. Streilein (eds),
Proc. ISPRS working group III/3 workshop on '3-D reconstruc-
tion from airborne laserscanner and InSAR data', Dresden, Octo-
ber, IAPRS Vol. XXXIV, Part 3/W13, pp. 174-180.
Vosselman, G., 1999. Building reconstruction using planar faces
in very high density height ddta. In: in: ISPRS Conference
* Automatic Extraction of GIS Objects from Digital Imagery’,
Münchem, IAPRS Vol. 32/3-2W5, ISBN 0256- 1840, pp. 87-92.
Vosselman, G. and Dijkman, S., 2001. 3D building model re-
construction from point clouds and ground plans. In: M. A.
Hofton (ed.), Proceedings of the ISPRS workshop on Land Sur-
face Mapping and Characterization Using Laser Altimetry. An-
napolis, Maryland, IAPRS vol. XXXIV part 3/W4, Commission
IlI., pp. 37-44.
Vosselman, G. and Suveg, I., 2001. Map based building recon-
struction from laser data and images. In: E. Baltsavias, A. Grün,
and L. V. Gool (eds), Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Ob-
jects from Aerial and Space Images (III), Balkema Publishers,
pp. 231-239.
Weidner, U., 1997. Digital surface models for building extraction.
In: A. Grün, E. Baltsavias and O. Henricsson (eds), Automatic
Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images
(ID, Birkháuser, Basel, pp. 193-202.
Wernecke, J., 1994. The Inventor Mentor: Programming Object
Oriented 3-D Graphics with Open Inventor. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Mass.
ABS
The
mod
data
land
and
work
mani
This
scani
conc
diffe
artifi
ther
volui
pape
speci
1 1
The f
gage
tant i
sion.
but ai
nomi
city n
parts
comp
provi
many
mode
2004)
the fu
Syster
ment,
walka
purpo
and th
els. C
ban p
ofab
exam]
quirec
of inte
1 Coi
