tanbul 2004 
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the loaf can 
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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B3. Istanbul 2004 
non-consistency in the binarized image are eliminated by 
carrying out a morphological structuring on the image as 
following: 
  
Pita2 := | — binarize(Pital , 60) 
  
  
  
  
Figure 3. Binary image of the pita bread 
1:=0..4 j=0..4 msi ; :=0 
ms; | zilü-4^5-4Y «19,1, 
Pita3 := open (Pita2, ms, 1) 
Pita4 := close(Pita3, ms, 1) 
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 4. Morphologically structured image of the pita bread 
From the binarized image, the surface area of the pita loaf can 
be measured easily as follows: 
nr := rows(Pita4) 
nc := cols(Pita4) 
nr—1 nc-l 
Area := à. >, Pita4; ; 
i=0 j=0 
Area = 10975 
The colour and extension of the dominant colour in the loaf was 
determined by applying masking process on the hue saturation 
image of the loaf using the binarized image for the mask, then 
481 
binarizing the resulting masked image using upper and lower 
thresholds to define the dominant colour. The extension of the 
dominant colour is determined by subtraction of the two 
threshold images. The area of the dominant colour and its 
percentage compared to the loaf area was calculated according 
to the following equations: 
UT := 240 LI = 10 
PitaS := mask(Pital, Pita4) 
ThresholdU := binarize(Pita5, UT) 
ThresholdL := binarize(Pita5, LT) 
Dominant Colour := ThresholdL — ThresholdU 
nr—1 ne-l 
Dominant Area := > 3 Dominant Colour; ; 
[m0 1-0 
Dominant Area — 9609 
Percentage of dominant colour: 
Dominant Area 
Percentage of Dominant Colour := 100 
Area 
Percentage of Dominant Colour = 87.554 
. The average gray scale of the pita bread can be calculated as the 
summation of gray scales larger than zero and dividing this sun 
by the number of pixels having this "larger than zero" gray 
scale, the calculation is done according to the following 
function: 
Av GS(IMG):s [k —— 0 
AV «0 
for i € 0..rows(IMG) — 1 
for j € 0... cols(IMG) — 1 
if IMG, ; >0 
AV « AV + IMG; ; 
kek+1 
AV 
return -— 
k 
  
Av_GS(Pital) = 66.272 
The gray scale and extension of localized colours can be 
determined and calculated in the same way as in the case of 
dominant colour, where upper and lower thresholds for the 
localized colour has to be chosen, then the subimage of the 
localized colour is determined by subtracting the lower 
threshold subimage from the upper threshold subimage. The 
area of the localized colour is calculated in the same way used 
in the case of the dominant colour except that the subimage of