3. Istanbul 2004 
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recommended to 
ry standard zone. 
asing of diagonal 
int is detected, it 
measurement is 
rips is performed. 
e is used for this. 
vn Photocom-32 
years in practical 
an and Ukrainian 
1ms are available: 
» adjustment and 
rocess consists of 
alize all the block 
dle adjustment is 
using co-linearity 
ment and control 
al self-calibration 
yable residuals for 
weights assigned 
is performed by 
ion using statistic 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B3. Istanbul 2004 
5. Using coordinates of projection centers 
Accumulated experience and special researches allow to say 
that using GPS data for adjustment creates practically non- 
deformated triangulation network provided that all systematic 
errors are taken into account. Ground points with known 
coordinates can be used to remove the systematic errors and 
to reach the maximum accuracy. 
The amount of ground points for block can be reduced 
approximately by 3 times when GPS data for projection 
centers are available. It is recommended to have at least one 
ground point located in every strip overlay zone to compute 
individual systematic errors for different strips. 
X:166503.30 
6. Creation of sketches 
Sketches can be created for every photogrammetric point 
when bundle adjustment has been performed. The sketches 
are useful for absolute orientation of photos on 
analytical/analogical and instruments that sometimes still in 
use for mapping. 
The sample of such sketch is shown on Picture 2. 
  
Picture 2. Sketch of a triangulation point 
7. Joint adjustment of adjacent blocks 
The Photocom on-line can perform adjustment of extensive 
triangulation networks with sizes that exceeds any practical 
need. But for parallel multi-user measurements big blocks are 
usually divided on smaller parts. Sometimes it requires some 
additional efforts for block junction and collecting points in 
overlapped zones. 
DPS software has the possibility for joint adjustment of several 
sub-blocks. Such sub-block can also include cross-strips that are 
used widely for more rigid block model. As result of such 
adjustment, single coordinated block and total catalog of all 
adjusted points is created. 
8. Data import and export 
An external third party bundle adjustment can be used with DPS 
software. Thus interface with PAT-B and other popular 
655 
adjustment programs is implemented. Triangulation 
measurements can be exported to various formats and 
orientation elements or adjusted coordinates can be imported as 
well. 
9. Using in production 
Samples of adjusted photogrammetric networks described 
below. Flight data and parameters of ground control points are 
shown in tables 1 and 2. 
Block 1 is particular because of its non-standard configuration. 
First two strips consist of four models each and the rest of strips 
are much longer. Projection centers defined by GPS with 1.0 m 
accuracy were used for adjustment together with GCPs. 
Projection centers were missing for some of photos of internal 
strips. The sixth strip had photogrammetric break.