3D ACQUISITION, MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION OF NORTH GERMAN
CASTLES BY DIGITAL ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Th. Kersten, C. Acevedo Pardo, M. Lindstaedt
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Geomatics, Hebebrandstrasse 1, 22297 Hamburg, Germany
[t.kersten, c.acevedo, m.lindstaedt](Qrzcn.haw-hamburg.de
ISPRS WG V/2 Scene Modelling and Virtual Reality
KEY WORDS: Architecture, CAD, Cultural Heritage, Digital, Modelling, Photogrammetry, Virtual Reality, Visualization
ABSTRACT:
[n order to create virtual realities, three-dimensional scenes must be generated digitally. Frequently such scenes are freely invented
in computer games and have little or nothing to do with reality. The Department of Geomatics of the Hamburg University of Applied
Sciences (HAW Hamburg) records historical buildings and castles for detailed virtual reality applications, which can be used in
visualizations, simulation and planning for tourism, navigation, facility management, architecture, cultural heritage and city
planning. A condition of such modelling and visualization is a complete 3D acquisition of the objects, e.g. with geodetic measuring
techniques, terrestrial laser scanners or with digital architectural photogrammetry.
Three north German castles in Celle (Lower Saxony), Ahrensburg and Glücksburg (both in Schleswig-Holstein) were recorded
photogrammetrically using a digital SLR Camera (Fujifilm FinePix S1 Pro) and later modelled and visualized. The data processing
steps from data recording, determination of photo orientation, camera calibration and CAD modelling to visualization are described
in the paper. The results of the photogrammetric 3D data acquisition and CAD object reconstruction are summarized and the
visualization of the virtual castles is presented. Some economic aspects of the project work are finally discussed.
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to new developments in semi-conductor and sensor
technology and due to increasingly economical and efficient
computer performance, architectural photogrammetry has
developed into a fully digital technology in the last years. Since
the beginning of the 1990's digital cameras with resolutions that
are comparable with film-based Medium Format cameras have
been available. During the 1980's and the 1990's detailed facade
drawings were still produced at a scale of 1:50 to 1:100 using
photographs from film-based cameras and by analogue and
analytical photogrammetry. These elevations were used by
architects and for the preservation of historical monuments.
However, today complete and detailed 3D object reconstruction
is increasingly performed by methods of digital architectural
photogrammetry. The demand for 3D building models has
increased from new application fields: facility management;
building information systems supporting among others
operational planning of emergency services (fire-brigade,
emergency doctors, police, etc.); for building security as well as
for forwarding agencies and 3D city maps for tourism (as an
internet application or on CD-ROM ). Both, the accuracy and
the level of detail required depend on the particular application.
2. RECORDED OBJECTS: HISTORICAL NORTH
GERMAN CASTLES
In order to test the potential of the procedures and the digital
technology of architectural photogrammetry at the Hamburg
University of Applied Sciences, three north German castles in
Celle (Lower Saxony), Ahrensburg and Glücksburg (both in
Schleswig-Holstein) were photogrammetrically recorded and
reconstructed in 3D in three diploma theses in the years 2001,
2002 and 2003.
The castle in Ahrensburg (see Fig. | left), which is located 20
kilometres east of Hamburg, was selected in April 2001 as the
first object for photogrammetric recording. The water castle
was built during the late Renaissance between 1580 and 1596.
Since 1938 the castle has been used as a museum for the manor-
house culture of Schleswig-Holstein exhibiting original
furniture from the 18" and 19" century, painting and porcelains.
The 700 years old castle of Celle (Fig. 1 centre), which is
located 50 kilometres north-east of Hanover, is a landmark of
the city Celle and unites several architectural styles: the
Renaissance and the Baroque as well as some Gothic elements.
Today a museum and the oldest Baroque theatre of Europe are
accommodated in the castle. In addition, the castle contains a
castle chapel, which was consecrated in 1485. This is the only
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