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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part BS. Istanbul 2004 
  
Camera | Digital SLR camera 
  
Image sensor | 23.3 x 15.6 mm Super-CCD chip 
  
Pixel | 3.4 Mio pixel (effective), 6 Mio. Pixel (int.) 
  
Frame size | 3040x2016, 2304x1536, 1440x960 
  
Format | TIFF-RGB (ca. max. 17 MB/image) 
  
Storage device | Microdrive IGB (max. 58 photos) 
  
Lens mount | All types of Nikkor lenses 
  
Burst rate | approx. 1.5 frames/s, up to 5 frames 
  
[SO sensitivity | ISO 320, 400, 800, 1600 
  
  
Interface | USB, Video Out 
  
  
  
Weight | ca. 820g (without batteries and lens) 
  
  
  
Table 1. Technical specifications of the digital SLR camera Fujifilm FinePix S1 Pro 
surviving early protestant court chapel in Germany and 
provides essential proof of the north German Renaissance. 
Another major building in the style of Renaissance architecture 
in Schleswig-Holstein is the water castle of Glücksburg (Fig. 1 
right), which is the centre of a park-like recovery landscape 10 
kilometres east of the city of Flensburg close to the Danish- 
German border. The castle was built between 1583 and 1587 
and is today maintained by a foundation as a museum and a 
cultural meetings venue. 
3. DIGITAL SLR CAMERA FUJIFILM FINEPIX S1 
PRO 
The photogrammetric photographs of the north German castles 
were taken with the commercial digital single-lens reflex 
camera Fujifilm FinePix S1 Pro (see Tab. 1). Such a modern 
digital camera offers the possibility of photogrammetric 
recording of architectural buildings for preservation and 
restoration, for art-historical analysis and for documentation. It 
also facilitates the production of visualizations due to its high 
resolution and its ease to handle. The camera's chassis is based 
on an older version of a Nikon camera, the N60 SLR. However, 
in contrast to the film-based version the camera uses a Super- 
CCD chip with a focal plane of 23.3mm x 15.6mm, which 
corresponds to an effective resolution of 3.4 million pixels and 
an interpolated resolution of 6 million pixels. The used storage 
device, the Type II card IBM Microdrive (1 Gbyte) is able to 
store up to 58 colour photos (18 MB each) with full resolution 
in TIFF format. The relatively light and handy camera can be 
used with all commercial Nikkor lenses. For these projects three 
different lenses were used: 18mm (Celle), 28mm (Ahrensburg) 
and 80mm (Glücksburg). 
  
4. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC IMAGE ACQUISITION AND 
DATA PROCESSING 
4.1 Photogrammetric Image Acquisition 
For the 3D evaluation and reconstruction of the three castles 
images were taken at an approximate photo scale of 1:1000 
using the hand-held Fuji SI from different positions (Fig. 2): 
ground positions (Ahrensburg, Celle, Glücksburg), mobile 
lifting platform with maximum work height of 18m (Celle), 
helicopter and boat (Glücksburg). The objects were recorded 
photogrammetrically by multi image triangulation mode, i.e. 
images were taken around the objects and for the Celle castle 
also in the courtyard. As an example Fig. 2 right shows the 37 
photo positions at Ahrensburg castle for the base (green) and 
for the wall and roof areas (red). The photogrammetric image 
recording also contained photographs that were tilted and 
rotated in different camera positions to guarantee a reliable 
simultaneous calibration of the camera and the lens at a later 
stage. To ensure stable interior orientation parameters of the 
camera during the image acquisition phase, auto focus was 
switched off, the lens was focussed infinitely and a fixed 
aperture was used to obtain an appropriate exposure time. 
Varying numbers of photos were taken from different camera 
positions around each castle (Ahrensburg 58, Celle 274, 
Glücksburg 374). However, not all acquired photos were used 
for the three-dimensional evaluation. All digital images were 
stored on the internal 1 GB IBM Microdrive of the camera. The 
image data were transferred to a notebook by connecting the 
Microdrive to a PCMCIA card adapter. The data transfer took 
approximately 20 minutes per Gbyte. 
Signalised control points were placed on the objects for the 
Fig. 2: Platforms for photogrammetric castle recording, helicopter (left) and mobile lift (centre), configuration of the camera 
positions at Ahrensburg castle (right)