nbul 2004 
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3D MODELLING OF BUILDINGS BY USING LINE SENSOR 
Tsukasa Hosomura 
Dept. of Information and Arts, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama, Hiki, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan 
hosomura@ia.dendai.ac.jp 
Commission V, WG V/2 
KEY WORDS: Vision, Measurement, Modelling, Building, Camera, CCD, Instruments, Experimental 
ABSTRACT: 
Stereo method using two cameras can be got 3D information of all points in the scene. However, it is difficult to find out the 
corresponding point in both scenes. In 3D modeling of the landscape, distance measurement of plural point on the object is sufficient 
for modeling in most cases. It is possible to calculate the distance to the corresponding point, which has reflected on the scene obtained 
from many directions on the horizontal surface. But, it is difficult to get many directions from stile camera. It was considered to use of 
CCD line sensor for this situation. By putting the CCD line sensor on the mount, which rotates at the steady speed, and taking the 
images of 360 degrees. It would be able to easily realize the 3D measurement of the object. In this study, such system was used 
experimentally, and measurement accuracy was examined. The measurement was carried out using this system at university in Japan. 
We took 15 target points around campus. Mean measuring error was about 15mm at the target about 100m far from cameras. 
I. INTRODUCTION 
Generally, 3D measurement of most equipment uses the 
principle of the triangular measure. There are several methods 
for example stereo method using the binoculus, spot projected 
method, pattern projected method and moire topography, etc. 
Stereo method is the passive method, other methods are active 
method, which projects the light. Stereo method using two 
cameras is called the binoculus stereoscopic vision. This method 
can be got 3D information of all points in the scene. However, it 
is difficult to find out the corresponding point in both scenes. In 
3D modeling of the landscape, distance measurement of plural 
point on the object is sufficient for modeling in most cases. It is 
possible to calculate the distance to the corresponding point, 
Which has reflected on the scene obtained from many directions 
on the horizontal surface. But, it is difficult to get many 
directions from stile camera. In order to get many scenes from 
many directions, we used a vidco camera. This equipment is set 
at plural positions (for example, camera A, camera B, camera C 
and so on) on the identical circumference, and video scenes of 
360 degree circumferences are obtained, and the images are 
incorporated in personal computer by the frame rate ( 30 
scene/second ) equal to the general television system. By putting 
the video camera on the mount, which rotates at the steady speed, 
and taking the images of 360 degrees. It would be able to easily 
realize the 3D measurement of the object. By counting the scene 
number of one camera (for example camera A), the angle from 
the direction of other camera (for example camera B) to the 
target marker can be calculated. Angle from the direction of 
camera A to the same target marker can be calculated by using 
the other camera B. As the result, distance from camera A to the 
target marker can be found out. The distances from each 
camera to the markers are calculated by using the above method. 
But, this method needs huge number of image scenes. For 
practical use, we need decrease the number of images. It was 
considered to use of CCD line sensor for this situation. By 
putting the CCD line ‘sensor on the mount instead of video 
camera for above method. By using CCD line sensor, only one 
image is sufficient for calculating the angle from a CCD line 
sensor to the target maker. We can count line number instead of 
scene number. It would be able to easily realize the 3D 
measurement of the object. In this study, such system was used 
experimentally, and measurement accuracy was examined. 
2. OUTLINE OF THE SYSTEM 
This system has been composed of 3 components. These are 
CCD line sensor (CORE CCD camera CV-L103), servomotor 
(FUN ELECTRIC, GYC101DC1-S) and decelerate gear system.