ul 2004 
neters 
  
ordinate 
method 
Y show 
M. 
d of XY 
ordinates 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
were magnified 10 times). From Figure 6, though it can be 
found larger error on the lower right points. It may be supposed 
that X coordinate is sensitively influenced by initial values 
since the initial 3D coordinate are estimated using the X value 
for the No.3 point which define X-axis. 
However, because of the IBIM doesn't need any surveying on 
an object field nor previous interior orientation procedures, it is 
concluded that flexible 3D measurement is achieved by the 
IBIM. 
5. CONCLUSION AND FURTHER WORK 
The Image Based Integrated Measurement (IBIM) System, was 
developed by the authors for a convenient digital 
photogrammetry using digital cameras, and performance 
evaluation were performed in this paper. It is concluded that the 
IBIM is expected to become a useful measurement system for 
the various close range application fields since interior 
orientation parameters and exterior orientation parameters are 
calibrated simultancously without any scale distances nor GCPs 
on object field. In particular, the remarkable point of the IBIM 
is its ability to perform onsite camera calibration. 
However, investigation has come up with some issues which 
need to be resolved before this system may become more 
operational. These problems are improvement accuracy aspects, 
acceleration of downsizing/handling. 
Reference from Book: 
Paul R. Wolf, 1983, ELEMENTS OF PHTOGRAMMETRY, 
McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp.240-245. 
Reference from Other Literature: 
Y. KUNII and H. CHIKATSU, 2001, On the Application of 3 
Million Consumer Pixel Camera to Digital Photogrammetry, 
Proceedings of SPIE (Videometrics VII), Vol.4309, pp.278-287 
H. CHIKATSU and Y. KUNII, 2002, Performance Evaluation 
of Recent High Resolution Amateur Cameras and Application 
to Modeling of Historical Structure, International Archives of 
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. XXXIV, Parts, 
pp.337-341, Corfu 
R. NAKADA and H. CHIKATSU, 2003, Generating 3D Model 
of "Meguro Residence” using Digital Armature Camera, 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 
(CD-Rom), Vol. XXXIV-5/W10, ISSN 1682-1777, Vulpera 
Reference from website: 
CAMERA & IMAGING PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION, 
http://www .cipa.jp/english/index. html (accessed on 30 April 
2004)