International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004
Figure 8. Montage of the orthorectified photographs with
the layout of some hieroglyphic signs
The epigraphy and iconography of the column have been drawn
on the orthophotographs using Bezier curves. Procedures
developed for an interactive construction of the curves allow to
modify them at will, so as to adapt them to the signs in the best
possible way. From the layout, the curves can be grouped and
recorded as « standard signs » that will be inserted afterwards at
a particular place and at a desired scale, thus making it
unnecessary to draw a sign several times over. Each sign can
also be recorded with its original position on the picture.
The goal is to make up a database with the standard signs that
will later be used and questioned like any database. Henceforth,
the epigraphic survey can be carried out more quickly with the
developed method, not only on a wall but also on a column. The
publication of the texts can still be made in paper form, but can
now be in numerical form too. Moreover, the method developed
by the GRCAO for the epigraphic survey enables the user to
gather data about the meaning and the geometrical shape of
each sign. This will in turn lead to statistical studies on the
hieroglyphs’ form, to automatic translations of the texts and to
the search for missing elements, based on geometric as well as
grammatical criteria.
The method introduced in this paper for the epigraphic survey
of conical surfaces has first been carried out on a column of the
British Museum (Red granite column with palm capital, 19^
Dynasty, about 1250 BC, from Heracleopolis), because of its
medium size and the good preservation of its inscriptions. It has
later been applied on a column of the Great Hypostyle Hall of
the Karnak Temple, for which we had had seven black and
white shots. This column is much bigger (2.8 m in diameter,
13.17 m in height) than the museum's column, so the
development seems to be rectangular. Some hieroglyphic signs
have also been drawn on it. (Figure 9)
4. CONCLUSION
This paper has presented an epigraphic survey method for all
the conical and cylindrical elements of the Egyptian temples.
One aim of the study being the publication of the hieroglyphic
texts and iconography, the result is in two-dimensional format.
In consequence, we lost the three-dimensional aspect of the
conical surfaces. But, knowing that the inscriptions engraved on
the monuments have been deteriorating at great speed for a few
years, it is primordial for the KHHP’s researchers to have a
simple and rapid method to survey and publish the texts of the
Great Hypostyle Hall of the Karnak Temple. The study has
therefore been conducted in this perspective. The computer
Figure 9. Epigraphic survey on the developed surface
of a column of the Karnak Hypostyle Hall
tools developed are simple to use by the epigraphists on the
field, with minimal computer equipment (that’s why the tools
have been made in the AutoCAD’s programming language).
The ultimate aim of the research conducted by the GRCAO is to
conceive a computer assistant to validate reconstruction
hypotheses in archaeology that will integrate the newly
developed tools described in this paper. It is an effective
example of computer modelling use both in the fields of cultural
heritage and of architectural reconstitution in archaeology.
This project was made possible thanks to funding form the
Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
REFERENCES
References form Journals :
Shakarji, Craig M., 1998. Least-Squares Fitting Algorithms of
the NIST Algorithm Testing System, Journal of Research of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol. 103, No.6.
References from Books :
; ; d
Karara, H. M., 1989. Non-topographic Photogrammetry, 2"
edition. Sciences and Engineering Series, Falls Church,
Virginia. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing. ISBN 0-944-42610-7, 445 p.
Kraus, K., Jansa, J., Kager H., 1997. Photogrammetry.
Advanced Methods and Applications, vol. 2, 4" edition.
Dümmler, Bonn. Translated by Peter Stewardson. ISBN 3-427-
78694-3, 466 p.
Kraus, K., Waldhaüsl, P., 1998. Manuel de Photogrammétrie.
Principes et procédés fondamentaux, vol.1. Éditions Hermès,
Paris. Translated by Pierre Grussenmeyer and Olivier Reis,
Mayenne. ISBN 2-86601-656-4, 407 p.
References from Other Literature :
Parisel, C., 2003. Rapport de travail sur le relevé des colonnes et
de l'épigraphie sur les colonnes. GRCAO's internal research
paper. January, 6 p.
Parisel, C., 2002. Stratégie informatique : programme relevé.
GRCAO's internal research paper. March, 17 p.
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