EXPERIENCES AND PROCEDURES ON MAKING TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 
FOR THE OBJECTS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 
D. Kukolj *, D. Mihajlovic °, L. Nedeljkovic * 
* MAPSOFT Ltd, Zahumska 26, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro — (gis, photo)@mapsoft.co.yu 
? Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro - draganm@grf.bg.ac.yu 
Commission IV, WG TV/6 
KEY WORDS: Photogrammetry, Architecture, Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction, Softcopy, Close Range, Digital 
ABSTRACT: 
This paper evaluates advantages of application of digital photogrammetry for the purposes of production of technical documentation for 
the objects under protection, comparing it with the classical photogrammetric procedures. Based on gained experiences, paper reviews 
procedures for the completely digital production of technical documentation. Process of making technical documentation is divided in 
two logical stages. First stage comprises of photogrammetric recording, necessary field measurements and production of archive 
documentation. Archive documentation is in completely digital form and it includes: geometrically rectified photogrammetric photos, 
data on control points, parameters of exterior orientation for all photos and digital orthophotos as a preliminary source of geometric 
information. Second stage involves the production of detailed documentation with data describing object geometry such as: floor plans, 
facades, sections, etc, by using suitable CAD tools. Considering that this constitutes the most complicated and the most expensive part of 
making technical documentation, this stage is done when needed. Proposed method will be illustrated in paper by using experiences 
gained on projects of making technical documentations for objects of historical and cultural heritage for the towns of Kragujevac (Serbia 
and Montenegro) and Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska). 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Application of photogrammetry in cultural heritage and 
protection of objects with high architectural value has a long 
tradition. Classical photogrammetry had been also used for 
these tasks, but it can be considered as slow and expensive 
technique for production of technical documentation. With 
application of contemporary methods of digital photogrammetry 
new possibilities arise for faster, cheaper and more flexible 
procedure, completely based on digital technique. 
2. RESPECT FOR THE CULTURAL HERITAGE 
Environments with proper respect to own hystorical and cultural 
heritage succeeded in their efforts to provide appropriate 
photogrammetric documentation (Kuipers, 1997). Some of them 
got even further and they are now dealing with problems of 
establishing information systems on cultural heritage (Potsiou et 
al. 1992; Bartolotta et al., 2000; Heine, 1999; Kólbl, 2000). 
These systems are not just about technical aspects of cultural 
heritage protection but they are also enabling high level of 
information technology application in this area (3D 
visualization, virtual models, data distribution via Internet, etc). 
Unfortunately, some societies have not finished or even started 
this process. In spite of invaluable cultural value of many 
objects, many of them have no technical documentation which 
will serve as important information source for later rebuilding 
or reconstruction. At the other hand, typical phenomenon is the 
production of technical documentation immediately before 
rebuilding or reconstruction, when the object is in the worst 
condition and the time for high-quality documentation 
production is very short. Absurdity lies in the fact that very 
often amount of the money spent in such cases is higher than in 
“regular” production. 
So, relation to cultural-historical heritage depends not just on 
available finances, but on condition and organization of works 
in cultural heritage in certain environment. Timely production 
of technical documentation by using photogrammetry is the 
example which illustrates the importance of good organization. 
Authors of this paper support the idea that procedures of 
making technical documentation on geometric condition of 
objects with high cultural value should be standardized and 
works should be long-term planned. 
3. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PRODUCTION OF 
CLASSICAL TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION (IN 
ANALOG FORM) 
Photogrammetric production of technical documentation in 
classical, analogue form assumes traditional procedures, that is: 
* [mage capturing on glass plates or film; 
e Determination of control points by standard surveying 
methods; 
e Graphical stereorestitution of facades, sections, floor 
plans and other content in appropriate scale; 
e Archiving of complete documentation in analogue 
form. 
It can be said that these were standard photogrammetric 
procedures for production of technical documentation at the 
time when analogue and analytical photogrammetry were 
dominant. As such, it represented compulsory content of every 
photogrammetric course dealing with application of 
photogrammetry in cultural heritage protection. 
  
Inte 
teci 
pla 
cor 
uni 
Ad 
afte 
the 
doc 
doc 
phe 
inti 
Ap 
nev 
cul 
not 
but 
pro 
4.3 
Dig 
pro 
dox 
sim