COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO CREATE ARCHITECTURAL 
ARCHIVES 
Z. Pereira^", A. Morgado", L. Gomes Pereira“ 
*Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestáo de Águeda, Universidade de Aveiro, Apartado 473, Zona Industrial da 
Alagoa, 3754-909 Agueda, Portugal - (zulmira, luisa)@estga.ua.pt 
"Instituto de Investigacáo Cientifica Tropical, Rua da Junqueira, n°86, 1300-344 Lisboa- anamorgado@netcabo.pt 
Commission V, WG 4 
KEY WORDS: Architecture, Photogrammetry, Analysis, Archiving, Accuracy, 3D urban models. 
ABSTRACT: 
The architectural heritage is continuously at risk due to the threat of multiple catastrophes caused by human and/or natural 
interference. The importance of architectural archives to help preserving the historical monuments is thus obvious and urgent. 
Architectural archives can be created by means of terrestrial photogrammetry, using distinct approaches. These approaches relate 
mainly to the selection of the data acquisition equipment - analogue versus digital cameras and among these, metric versus non- 
metric cameras — and the data processing and information extraction techniques — stereoscopic versus monoscopic convergent multi- 
image techniques. The selected technique has implications on the instrument used to process the data, i.e., dedicated 
(photogrammetric workstation) versus standard computer, which influences accuracy and greatly the costs. 
In this study we create architectural archives of one Portuguese church with the referred techniques, by using the Photogrammetric 
Image Station SSK Pro from Intergraph and the software PhotoModeler. The data to create the archives are collected with analogue 
and digital cameras as well as metric and non-metric cameras. The archives arc made up of the photographs/images acquired, the 
control points, and 3D models in the vector form as well as rendered with rectified images. The church is inserted in its surroundings 
with the help of 3D urban models. These are created with aerial images and aerial photogrammetry. Multi-media techniques are used 
to promote the divulgation of the church archives through the Web. 
The archives are also compared in terms of accuracy. The main conclusion is that architectural archives, of moderate detail, created 
with the Photomodeler and digital non-metric cameras fulfil the user requirements. 
Il. INTRODUCTION 
Architectural archives of monuments and historic buildings, 
complemented with geographical information of the 
surroundings, are a valuable source of information to preserve, 
reconstruct and rehabilitate the architectural patrimony. 
Existing a preoccupation and determination in protecting the 
architectural patrimony from degradation, fire, and other 
disasters, architectural archives have to be considered a civil 
necessity of defence in the combat against its extinction. 
At the international level, and reflecting a great preoccupation 
in protecting the architectural patrimony, several organizations 
were founded. Amongst others it can be mentioned the 
International Committee for Architectural Photogrammetry 
(CIPA), established by the International Council of Monuments 
and Sites (ICOMOS) in collaboration with the /mternational 
Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), 
which work, with UNESCO, on the elaboration of the World 
Patrimony List. These organizations established that the 
architectural patrimony to be protected and restored needs to be 
fully measured and documented, Photogrammetry being the 
means by excellence to do that. The process of measurement 
and documentation includes those of the surroundings. In this 
context, when the architectural patrimony is located in an urban 
area, it is necessary to create a 3D model of the surroundings. 
  
" Corresponding author. 
This addition widens the range of users and promotes the 
connection between preservation of patrimony and urban 
administration. 
Finally, the use of multi-media techniques to present and 
visualise the geographic data contributes to enrich the 
architectural archives inserted into the 3D models. New 
techniques for data acquisition, processing, extraction, 
modelling and visualisation, providing new means for the 
creation and divulgation of geographic information, become a 
great support to the preservation of the architectural archives in 
areas such as historical tourism and urban planning. 
This article presents in a succinct manner the work, in the form 
of a study case, carried out to produce architectural archives 
using different techniques. These techniques concern not only 
the extraction phase (monoscopic versus  stereoscopic 
photogrammetry) but also the acquisition phase (analogue 
versus digital cameras). The obtained results are also compared 
in terms of final accuracy. In order to introduce the reader to the 
basic concepts involved, we start by defining architectural 
archives and 3D urban models. Some visualisation techniques 
are also presented. 
    
   
  
     
   
  
  
  
   
  
     
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
   
    
       
    
   
   
    
   
     
       
   
   
    
       
   
   
   
  
    
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