ity, Photo- 
rammetry, 
ccount the 
1S an easy 
tating its 
suggested 
ic stations, 
presented 
structures, 
, everyone 
dels or to 
becomes 
Id ways of 
past. The 
terioration, 
o-business 
e works of 
the present 
uildings is 
objects is 
metrically 
rias et al., 
ently to its 
measuring 
se of the 
search for 
jake easier 
ions of the 
city of the 
o not have 
\ reduction 
1structions 
  
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
  
Improving this situation is a task that concerns society. From 
this work a method is proposed to palliate one part of this 
problem, the initial stage of studying and knowledge, which 1s 
necessary for a later approach to ideas, solutions or actions. 
Therefore the aims pursued are as follows: 
#2 To foment the analysis of the main traditional agro- 
industrial constructions in Galicia, that are mainly 
characterised for their simplicity and rusticity. 
«x To contribute to reduce the loss of cultural heritage 
that has been occurring for years, providing tools for 
its study and knowledge. 
& zt To obtain a simple methodology in order to apply the 
technique(s) with a minimum amount of equipment, 
that is cheap and readily available. 
## To increase the information collected (2D and/or 3D 
plans, textured models, animations, etc.)in order to 
facilitate the decision making in later actions. 
Through the documentation, the information about the condition 
of the construction at the moment of the shot is collected, 
allowing a vast knowledge of its condition. In this way, the 
diverse aspects of the constructions can be analysed, such as 
techniques and styles of construction, materials used, 
conservation condition, pathological processes, visible damages 
location, structural organisation analysis, damage and structural 
problems detection, and obtaining the real geometry of the 
construction components. 
This information conveniently analysed will be able to be used 
as the base for the actions carried out such as, ethnographic or 
historical studies, typological classifications, actions of 
reconstruction or restoration, the buildings reuse, or structures 
and/or buildings relocation. 
2. INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS 
2.1 Instrumentation 
In the designed method proposed, one of the objectives pursued 
was the minimal dependence on complex equipment and material 
Which is difficult and expensive to acquire. Therefore the 
equipment needed will be the following: 
ææ Plumb lines. These can be made using coloured cord 
between 2mm and 10 mm thick (depending on the size 
of the structure and the distances measured) which can 
easily be seen. Another fundamental point will be the 
weight of the plumb bob itself which lends to the 
vertical position of the cord. Anything of sufficient 
weight can be used (usually a stone or something 
similar found at the site). 
4 Tape measure. A retractable tape measure will be 
necessary (one of 5 meters should suffice). This will 
be used to measure the distances between the marks 
previously made on the plumb lines. 
4 Digital cameras. Cheap conventional digital cameras 
and a CCD as a sensor element to take the 
photographic shots. The precision will improve by 
increasing the resolution of the cameras used. 
Moreover, a camera preferably without a zoom and 
with sufficient internal stability that allows the 
determination of its aberrations is preferred. 
ææ Tripods. The photographic shots must be taken based 
on the fundamentals of both photography and 
photogrammetry, therefore it is recommended that a 
camera tripod be used for stability. 
ææ Digital monoscopic photogrametric systems. Due to 
the characteristics and objectives pursued in this 
work, the use of these systems will be recommended. 
Its main characteristic will be adaptability making it 
possible for anyone without prior training to use on 
any type of computer. These photographic systems 
are perfectly integrated with conventional CAD 
systems, making its use extremely easy in a wide 
variety of areas and applications. 
2.2 Methods 
The method developed is organised in sequential and clearly 
different phases following the rules 323 (Waldhàusl & Ogleby, 
1994); in the first one, called field work phase, photographic 
shots of the chosen construction will be taken, and enough 
information for its subsequent orientation and scale will be 
collected. In the second one, known as laboratory work phase, 
all the information collected in the field work phase will be 
processed to obtain plans and three dimensional models from 
the chosen construction. 
2.1.1. Field Work: It consists of the acquisition of the 
necessary data to be able to carry out the later works. In this 
phase will be possible to be distinguished the following 
processes: 
ææ Previous definition of pursued objectives. Before 
starting any documentation work it is necessary to 
define clearly and precisely the pursued aims, the 
ambit and the importance of the action (type of 
construction that is interesting to document and which 
elements are interesting to know).Objectives that are 
not very precise will directly affect the laboratory 
work and consequently the quality of the final results. 
#5 Positioning and measuring of plumb lines. They are 
used for the levelling, scaled and geometric definition 
of the fotogrametric models.. The plump line direction 
will determine the direction of the X axis. It will be 
necessary to establish a series of marks on the plumb 
lines which can be perfectly identified in the 
photographs. The distance between marks, which 
form the scale and geometrically define the models, 
must be measured accurately. 
zt Carrying out photographic shots. In order to do this, 
cheap conventional digital cameras with CCD as image 
sensor element are recommended. Photographic shots 
will be made taking into account aspects like the 
search of the suitable illumination of the photographed 
object, avoiding shades, reflections, burned photos, 
etc; it is recommended to use the camera on a