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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004
-Jump to arbitrary viewpoint
-Control of movement speed
-Registration of viewpoints
-Measurement of height, distance and area
-Edition of objects
2.3 3D City Model of Kyoto
Since early stage of the research, "Virtual Time-Space of
Kyoto" has introduced MAP CUBE of Kyoto, which is the most
accurate and detailed 3D city model available in Japan (Figure
5), and UrbanViewer has been employed as VR viewer for it.
Additional 3D modelling and texture mapping have been done
by using CG/VR software which can output the data in OBJ
format such as MultiGen Creator and form.Z RenderZone.
3. *VIRTUAL TIME-SPACE OF KYOTO"
At present, the research has been conducted on two major
themes:
. 3D-GIS of Kyoto for monitoring machiyas, including;
-Identification and visualization of machiyas in the years of
1995 through 1998, based on the field survey dealing with
over 30,000 machivas.
-Additional field survey of machiyas in order to monitor the
changes in the years of 1998 to the present.
2. Reconstruction of landscapes and cultural heritages of Kyoto
in the past, including;
-Reconstruction of main street landscapes in Kyoto in early to
mid-20th century and further older times, based on all
historical data available, including old topographical maps,
city planning maps, residential maps, aerial and on-ground
photographs and land registration maps.
-Reconstruction of activities and cultural heritages of Kyoto
in the past including traditional festivals and dances
performed in the landscapes and buildings of Kyoto at the
times.
3.1 2D-GIS of Kyoto at Present
3.1.1 Machiya:
Kyoto, most of which had been built in between 18th century
and World War IL, have been decreasing rapidly in recent
dacades. Today, it is a very important argument how to evaluate
machiya and how to hand their historical and cultural value to
the future generations (Figure 6).
The research aims at reconstruction and visualization of
"Virtual Time-Space of Kyoto," a 4D-GIS, which provides both
past and present city images based on 3D city model of Kyoto
by employing new visualization technologies including CG and
VR. The research has also introduced 3D-GIS of Kyoto that
“Kyo-machiyas,” traditional townhouses of
makes possible to visualize the distribution of machiya through
times as well as to monitor their changes through years.
In order to build up machiya’s 2D-GIS, the machiya database
resulting from the community survey by the city of Kyoto in
1998 and the one by an NPO in 1995-1996 funded by Toyota
Fund were available. The two database combined (Machiya
Surveys hereafter) cover the central area of Kyoto that had been
urbanized before the beginning of 20" century. In Machiya
Surveys, the surveyers visited all buildings within the area and
identified machiya, as well as recorded the type, condition and
use of them. The Machiya Surveys identified 21,820 units of
machiyas (Figure 7).
m
(o lucem EER DES
Figure 7. Distribution of machiyas in Kyoto by types (left),
and the detail of Gion area (right)
~
Since the major purpose of Machiya Surveys was to find out the
accurate number of existing machiyas, the geo-referencing
information of identified machiyas was not very accurate. In
order to match the survey results to MAP CUBE of Kyoto,
supplementary surveys have been conducted. As the result, the
changes in machiyas since 1995 until today were found out, and
we are still continuing monitoring their changes.
3.1.2 Temples and shrines: In order to identify and locate
existing temples and shrines on VR space, it is necessary to
gather information on their precise locations and names. Several
approaches are available for the task using existing digital data
available.
“Digital Map 10,000” by Geographical Survey Institute of
Japan (GSI) gives locations of 1,308 temples and 352 shrines as
point data, but with no names (Figure 8). “Digital Map 25,000”
also by GSI gives names of temples and shrines, but only for
large ones... ZmapTown-II, digital street map by Zenrin, Co.,
Ltd. gives the names for individual building lots. Other methods
include searching the internet phone directory by NTT
Directory Services Co. (http:/Aitp.ne.jp/) which returns 1,646
temples and 179 shrines, and it is possible to geo-reference