nbul 2004
han using
cause the
or moved.
the land
Tes
100m s
f covered
s possible
uses such
use, with
ped roofs
pped roof
ouses and
machiyas
flat-roofs
lely with
iracy. To
n sources
lave been
Co. since
r II at 13
raphs by:
1987, and
? scanned,
ferencing
pofs were
ure 10).
graphs
SEE
in central
e can see
as facing
rance of
6,200 in
| 1,800 in
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004
2000. That is, the number of machivas in the area decreased
most rapidly in between 1974 to 1987.
Figure 11. Distribution changes of machiyas in a central area of
Kyoto
33 3D Reconstruction of Kyoto at Present and in the Past
In the research various 3D reconstructions of Kyoto are being
done on MAP CUBE platform, including continuous addition of
textured model of existing buildings along major streets,
software development of automatic generation of machiya and
modelling Yamahokos (floats) of Gion Festival using laser
scanning, aiming at visualization of Kyoto at present as well as
in the past.
3.3.1 Detailed reconstruction of Kyoto at present: Textured
models of existing buildings have been added, starting from
those along major streets of Kyoto (Figure 12). First, digital
photos of building facades are rectified with Photoshop and
facade textures are made. Then geometry models of MAP
CUBE are mapped with the facade textures using CG/VR
software such as MultiGen Creator and form.Z RenderZone.
Those textured models are transferred to OBJ format and
handed to UrbanViewer finally.
Figure 12. 3D model of Shijo Street
3.3.2 Automatic generation of 3D Machiya: Since there are
so many machiyas (more than 20,000) in Kyoto, a method for
automatic generation has been developed for machiyas based
on GIS data constructed using results of Machiya Surveys. An
Excel VBA Macro called “Machiya VR Generation Macro” has
been developed for the purpose, which retrieves the coordinates
and attribute data of machiyas from GIS database, applies one
of the four prototype machiya models, resize the model for
width and depth of the building lot, and place the model in the
VR space (Figure 13).
fe
loro em
Figure 13. Automatic generation of Machiya VR model
4
Figu rachivas at present
The advantage of this method is that it makes possible easy
reconstruction of urban landscape based on information of
building lots and machiya types. Although it is not a precise
reconstruction, it would be a way of visualisation of urban
landscape in the past with a reasonable certainty as a whole
(Figure 14). It is also possible to model machiyas in details
referring to architectural drawings, or laser scanning more
important existing machiyas, and add them into the whole
model.
3.3.8 Gion Festival and Yamahoko: The visual elements that
consist urban landscape are not only buildings. We attempt to
model Gion Festival that originated in the mid 9" century,
evolved to be the current form by the mid 14^ century and
continues until today. During the festival, 32 Yamahokos
(floats) representing each neighbourhood parade in the city
center. Yamahokos in Gion Festival create symbolic landscapes
of Kyoto during the festival period.
The 3D model of Kanko-boko (the Yamahoko representing
Kanko-cho town) has been created by laser scanning of detailed
miniature, and digital images of the real Kanko-boko taken by
digital cameras during the festival (figure 15).
3.3.4 Landscape of Kyoto at present and in the past: Let us
take a look at changes in urban landscapes of Kyoto with
“Virtual Time-Space of Kyoto.”
Figure 15 shows urban landscape of Shijo Street at present as
well as those in 1910's and 19" century. The landscape at
present has been visualized based on MAP CUBE of Kyoto
with addition of textured models of the buildings along the
street. The landscape in 1910's has been visualized based on
digitized cadastal maps of 1912 and *Machiya VR Generation
Macro." And the landscape of 19% century has been visualilzed
using old paintings at the time, assuming that all machiyas were
