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AIRBORNE TESTING OF THE DSS: TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Mohamed M.R. Mostafa
Applanix Corporation, 85 Leek Cr., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada L4B 3B3 — mmostafa@applanix.com
SS3
KEY WORDS: Airborne Mapping, Aerial Triangulation, Direct Georeferencing, GPS/INS, Digital, Camera, Calibration
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, the Digital Sensor System (DSS) test results and analysis are presented. The DSS is a fully integrated fully digital
ruggedized system for airborne image acquisition, georeferencing, and map production. The DSS consists of a 4K x 4K digital
camera, a GPS-aided INS direct georeferencing system, and a flight management system. The DSS software suite interfaces
seamlessly with commercial off-the-shelf photogrammetric software to allow for fast topographic and ortho map production. The
DSS currently uses a CCD chip with a 9 um pixel size which allows digital image acquisition with a Ground Sample Distance that
ranges from 0.05 m to 1.0 m using its 35 mm and 55 mm lenses. The embedded POS AV direct georeferencing system provides the
exterior orientation parameters in both real-time and post-mission modes. The DSS is used primarily to generate high-resolution
color and color infrared digital orthophotos, orthomosaics, and topographic maps, which can be used for many different mapping,
GIS and remote sensing applications.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the mid 1990s, digital camera technology started to attract
several Photogrammetrists. Several efforts have been exerted to
deploy the CCD-based digital camera technology into the
airborne mapping environment. Some of these efforts focused
on using a digital camera in a stand-alone mode (c.f., King et al,
1994; Mills et al, 1996). More efforts focused on using digital
cameras as a component of an integrated system (c.f., Mostafa
et al, 1997; Toth and Grejner-Brzezinska, 1998) where the
System integration concept was initially proposed by Schwarz
et al (1993) and Schwarz, 1995.
In this paper, The Digital Sensor System (DSS) is introduced as
a dedicated product that is designed for the airborne mapping
industry based on the aforementioned scientific research and
several years of experience of using such systems. The
performance of the DSS in s number of mapping projects is
introduced in some details
Figure 1: The DSS
The DSS, shown. in Figure 1, is a fully digital integrated
ruggedized system for airborne image acquisition,
georeferencing, and map production. The DSS hardware
consists of a 4K x 4K digital camera, a GPS-aided INS direct
georeferencing system, and a flight management system. The
DSS comes with a suite of data processing software package for
GPS-aided inertial data processing and analysis, data calibration
and quality control, and mission planning, calibration and
quality control. The DSS software suite interfaces seamlessly
with commercial off-the-shelf photogrammetric software to
allow for fast topographic and ortho map production. The DSS
currently uses a CCD chip with a 9 um pixel size which allows
digital image acquisition with a Ground Sample Distance that
ranges from 0.05 m to 1.0 m (platform dependent) using its 35
mm and 55 mm lenses. The embedded POS AV direct
georeferencing system provides the exterior orientation
parameters in both real-time and post-mission modes. The DSS
is used primarily to generate high-resolution color and color
infrared digital orthophotos, orthomosaics, and topographic
maps, which can be used for many different mapping, GIS and
remote sensing applications. For details, see Mostafa, 2003.
Data Acquisition Post Processing
| Digital Images || Image Radiometric Calibration & Quality Control
Calibration
| Tiepoint
"| Inertial/GPS
Basestation, CORS H-* Post Processing
Let] NavCom, or Boresight,
OmniStar data datum, and/or
x Camera
| GCP/Checkpoints Calib i ion &
Let Terrestrial " |
Calibration Report
Topographic
and/or
Rapid Response
Using
Real-time Data
Ortho
Mapping
Figure 2: The DSS Data Flow
The DSS collects digital images and navigation data. The
navigation (GPS/inertial) data is processed in real time based on
either the GPS C/A code GPS data, or Satellite RTK data such
as Navcom or OmniStar as data shown in Figure 2. In this case,
the real-time navigation data together with the digital images
are processed once the aeroplane is landed in a matter of a few
hours for rapid response applications.
