International Archives 
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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showing 
    
Figure 13. Vertical archive view some studied parts 
: UR i 
14. Recent image showing the surroundings of the castle 
and the current constructions 
7. CONCLUSION 
This project shows the importance of photogrammetry within 
the framework of 3D documentation of the castle of Beaufort, 
for the development of the site and the landscape. By using the 
old aerial photographs taken by French air force of the Levant 
between 1931 and 1936, a comparative restitution makes it 
possible to locate in a precise way the visible archaeological 
structures on the archive photographs. This documentation 
helps the consultant to establish the framework of the 
excavation and restoration tasks by showing the destroyed 
historical structures. A photogrammetric restitution of the 
whole set of photographs carried out in April 2003 is planned in 
the future, as a preparation of the restoration of the castle and 
its surroundings. The contractor who will be in charge of this 
work will then have all information to release the great quantity 
of fill around the castle, in order to preserve intact the historical 
and archaeological structures which would be still in-situ below 
the embankment. 
Such a project shows also the interest of a cooperation between 
the architect and the photogrammetry expert for both simple 
and complex tasks. On the one hand, the orientation process 
combining different kind of archive and digital images requires 
scientific tools and experience in the handling of images with 
different geometry. On the other hand, the photogrammetric 
     
      
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
  
   
  
   
  
  
   
   
    
    
   
   
    
   
    
    
    
   
    
    
of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
documentation (in this project one day only was enough for the 
aerial and terrestrial images) as well as the restitution work can 
easily be done by the architect. 
8. REFERENCES 
References from Journals: 
Grussenmeyer, P., 2003. Photogrammetrie architecturale et 
modélisation 3D du patrimoine. Revue de l'Association 
Francaise de Topographie, 2* trim. 2003, N?95, p.30-36. 
References from Books: 
Deschamps, P., 1939. Les Cháteaux des Croisés en Terre Sainte 
Il: La Défense du Royaume de Jérusalem, étude historique, 
géographique et monumentale, vol. "Album", Bibliothéque 
Archéologique et Historique, Tome XXXIV, Paris. Librairie 
Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Plate LV. 
Grussenmeyer, P., Yasmine, J. 2003. The Restoration of 
Beaufort Castle (South-Lebanon): A 3D Restitution According 
to Historical Documentation. In XIXth CIPA International 
Symposium, Antalya, Turquey. Sept. 30™ Oct 41h, 2003. ISPRS 
International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and 
Spatial Information Systems Vol. XXXIV-5/C15 ISSN 1682- 
1750 pp. 322-327. 
Grussenmeyer, P., Hanke, K., Streilein, A., 2002. Architectural 
photogrammetry. Chapter in « Digital Photogrammetry ». 
Edited by M. Kasser and Y. Egels, Taylor & Francis, pp. 300- 
339. 
Huot, J.-L., Salem Kardous, A., 2001. Photographies du Levant. 
Institut Français d'Archéologie du Proche-Orient, Beyrouth, 
Liban, 165 pages. 
Philipson, W.R. (Editor), 1997. Manual of Photographic 
Interpretation, 2" Edition. Edited by the American Society for 
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, Maryland, 689 
pages. 
Roussilhe, H., 1936. La photogrammétrie et ses applications 
générales, Tomes 1 et 2. Encyclopédie industrielle et 
commerciale, Librairie de l'enseignement techniques, L. 
Eyrolles (Paris). 
References from Other Literature: 
Bessac J.-C. et Yasmine J., 2001. Etude préliminaire des 
chantiers de construction du château de Beaufort, in BAAL, N°3, 
p.241-320. 
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The authors would like to thank Ghassan Salame Minister of 
Culture of the Lebanese Republic and Frederic Husseini 
General Director of Antiquities for their help in organizing the 
helicopter flight in 2003. 
The authors would like also to thank Jean-Louis Huot, Alma 
Kardous (IFPO) and Anne Marie Afeiche (DGA) for their help 
in providing the historical documentation. 
The authors finally thank Mrs. Rawya Majzoub Barake, 
Director of the Center of restoration from the Lebanese 
University in Tripoli to have allowed and encouraged the 
organization of an introductory course in architectural 
photogrammetry in the diploma of specialized studies of 
restoration and conservation of monuments and historic sites in 
Tripoli, within the framework of the French-Lebanese 
cooperation. It was under these circumstances that the authors 
allowed to meet in 1998. 
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