International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004
analysis along the vertical axis of the object, hence the radial
analysis of the 3D model. The vertical analysis of the 3D model
is defined through the ground distance of the detected imaged
points lighted by the vertical laser line. In order to produce a
uniform object the radial and vertical space of the points cloud
should be equal.
4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The primary advantage of the device is its minimal total cost.
The costs of the device is relatively low because of the fact that
most of the research effort and funding were devoted to the
construction of efficient photogrammetric algorithms, rather
than the use of specialized hardware modules. The software
application was able to
1) locate with great accuracy the position of the camera;
2) calculate the location in 3D space of the points which
form the outer surface of the objects by using just one
metric image
Additional use of a second imaging device (or even a third one)
will provide even greater accuracy of the final results with little
additional changes of the system design and its operational
philosophy. The camera can be connected in a daisy chain
configuration with other similar imaging devices to a single
FireWire computer port, since this particular camera model is
equipped with two FireWire connectors (one is connected to the
host computer and the other to a second camera). In that way,
by taking advantage of the relative orientation and epipolar
geometry of the two cameras, greater accuracy can be created.
The main disadvantages of the system are:
|) The inability to produce a textured model of the
artefacts. Future development and enhancement of the
software to accomplish this aspect is under
consideration.
2) The long processing time for the creation of each
model. This is due to the fact that the system requires
the processing of multiple images (about 150), each
of which must be exhaustively scanned, in order to
extract the location of the control points, which in
turn leads to the exterior orientation information and
determines the laser lighted points for the final
calculation of the objects’ exterior surface.
5. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank John vander Zwaag and Chris
Holland of Concepthouse, inc., who wrote and contributed the
program to convert the points cloud to the representation of the
outer surface.
6. CONCLUSION
Because of the accurate response of the device described in this
paper (along with its relatively low cost), the creation of 3D
models of small artefacts in a fully automated procedure will
permit the recording of items in relatively short time and will
encourage museums and archaeological projects to meet
obligations to disseminate data widely, thus also enabling
research on otherwise inaccessible collections of cultural
heritage.
Additionally, the system can be used in several other
applications that demand the creation of 3D objects’ model such
as in medicine and industry. A case study for the use of the
device in a medical application is described by Koidis (Koidis,
et.al., 2004).
7. REFERENCES
Boehler, W., Marbs, A, 2002, *3D Scanning Instruments",
Proceedings Of The CIPA WG 6 International Workshop On
Scanning For Cultural Heritage Recording, Corfu, Greece, pp.
9-12.
Koidis, P., Patias, P., Tsioukas, V., 2004, *3D Visualization Of
Dental Data For Virtual Treatment Planning", To be published
in the Proceeding of the XX" Congress of International Society
of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mara, H., Kampel, M., 2003, *Automated Extraction of Profiles
from 3D-Models of Archaeological Fragments”, CIPA 2003
XIX" International Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 87-92.
Pavelka, K., Dolansky, T., 2003, "Using Non-Expesive 3D
Scanning Instruments For Cultural Heritage Documentation",
CIPA 2003 XIX" International Symposium, Antalya, Turkey,
pp. 534-536.
Skarlatos, D., Theodoridou, S., Hennings, D., Ville, S., 2003,
"Replication Of Marble Exhibits Using Single Camera
Photogrammetry And Laser Scanning (or how to forge
exhibits)”, CIPA 2003 XIX" International Symposium, Antalya,
Turkey, pp. 457-462.
Yilmaz, U., Vz]n, O., Otlu, B., Mulayim, A., Atalay, V., 2003,
“Inexpensive And Robust 3D Model Acquisition System For
Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Small Artifacts”, C/PA 2003
XIX" Inetrnational Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 286-291.
KE
ABS
Aug
reco
This
scen
envi
obje:
Sinc
and {
The
Virtu
not a
Phote
unfor
speci
comp
of th.
while
of the
comp
comb
virtua
Nowa
techn.
indivi
stereo
the so
expen
exam]
dollar
capab
Open?
tool, n
purpo:
lines t
