International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
analysis along the vertical axis of the object, hence the radial 
analysis of the 3D model. The vertical analysis of the 3D model 
is defined through the ground distance of the detected imaged 
points lighted by the vertical laser line. In order to produce a 
uniform object the radial and vertical space of the points cloud 
should be equal. 
4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 
The primary advantage of the device is its minimal total cost. 
The costs of the device is relatively low because of the fact that 
most of the research effort and funding were devoted to the 
construction of efficient photogrammetric algorithms, rather 
than the use of specialized hardware modules. The software 
application was able to 
1) locate with great accuracy the position of the camera; 
2) calculate the location in 3D space of the points which 
form the outer surface of the objects by using just one 
metric image 
Additional use of a second imaging device (or even a third one) 
will provide even greater accuracy of the final results with little 
additional changes of the system design and its operational 
philosophy. The camera can be connected in a daisy chain 
configuration with other similar imaging devices to a single 
FireWire computer port, since this particular camera model is 
equipped with two FireWire connectors (one is connected to the 
host computer and the other to a second camera). In that way, 
by taking advantage of the relative orientation and epipolar 
geometry of the two cameras, greater accuracy can be created. 
The main disadvantages of the system are: 
|) The inability to produce a textured model of the 
artefacts. Future development and enhancement of the 
software to accomplish this aspect is under 
consideration. 
2) The long processing time for the creation of each 
model. This is due to the fact that the system requires 
the processing of multiple images (about 150), each 
of which must be exhaustively scanned, in order to 
extract the location of the control points, which in 
turn leads to the exterior orientation information and 
determines the laser lighted points for the final 
calculation of the objects’ exterior surface. 
5. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The authors would like to thank John vander Zwaag and Chris 
Holland of Concepthouse, inc., who wrote and contributed the 
program to convert the points cloud to the representation of the 
outer surface. 
6. CONCLUSION 
Because of the accurate response of the device described in this 
paper (along with its relatively low cost), the creation of 3D 
models of small artefacts in a fully automated procedure will 
permit the recording of items in relatively short time and will 
encourage museums and archaeological projects to meet 
obligations to disseminate data widely, thus also enabling 
research on otherwise inaccessible collections of cultural 
heritage. 
Additionally, the system can be used in several other 
applications that demand the creation of 3D objects’ model such 
as in medicine and industry. A case study for the use of the 
device in a medical application is described by Koidis (Koidis, 
et.al., 2004). 
7. REFERENCES 
Boehler, W., Marbs, A, 2002, *3D Scanning Instruments", 
Proceedings Of The CIPA WG 6 International Workshop On 
Scanning For Cultural Heritage Recording, Corfu, Greece, pp. 
9-12. 
Koidis, P., Patias, P., Tsioukas, V., 2004, *3D Visualization Of 
Dental Data For Virtual Treatment Planning", To be published 
in the Proceeding of the XX" Congress of International Society 
of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Istanbul, Turkey. 
Mara, H., Kampel, M., 2003, *Automated Extraction of Profiles 
from 3D-Models of Archaeological Fragments”, CIPA 2003 
XIX" International Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 87-92. 
Pavelka, K., Dolansky, T., 2003, "Using Non-Expesive 3D 
Scanning Instruments For Cultural Heritage Documentation", 
CIPA 2003 XIX" International Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, 
pp. 534-536. 
Skarlatos, D., Theodoridou, S., Hennings, D., Ville, S., 2003, 
"Replication Of Marble Exhibits Using Single Camera 
Photogrammetry And Laser Scanning (or how to forge 
exhibits)”, CIPA 2003 XIX" International Symposium, Antalya, 
Turkey, pp. 457-462. 
Yilmaz, U., Vz]n, O., Otlu, B., Mulayim, A., Atalay, V., 2003, 
“Inexpensive And Robust 3D Model Acquisition System For 
Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Small Artifacts”, C/PA 2003 
XIX" Inetrnational Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 286-291. 
     
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
   
   
    
   
   
  
  
  
    
    
    
  
    
   
   
   
   
  
   
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
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