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The keywords in all the above statements and International
Agreements are :
1. Recording of a vast amount of 4-Dimensional multi-
source, multi-format and multi-content information, in
proper levels of accuracy and detail.
2. Inventory by the use of photogrammetric and GIS-
solutions in 3D and, as far as available, down dating with
historical images.
3. Management of the 4D information in a secure and
rational way, also available for sharing and distribution
to other users.
4. "Visualization and Presentation of the information in a
user-friendly way, so that different kinds of users can
actually retrieve the data and acquire useful information,
using Internet and Visualization Techniques
5. Appropriate use and tuning of the up-to-date Information
Technology, when aiming at the above tasks.
In this frame, Photogrammetry and Vision techniques are called
upon to offer its services in a variety of levels and in all
possible combinations of scientific procedures, quality
requirements, use of final products, time restrictions and budget
limitations. The interested reader can refer to general references
like (Slama, 1980, Ogleby and Rivett, 1985, Karara, 1989,
Atkinson, 1996) and visit [URL4], [URLS] for updates on
current research activities and applications.
On the technical side, these imposed a myriad of interesting
technical questions seeking answers. I will not further
elaborated on that since we all have the opportunity to enjoy a
lot of them during this Congress.
Architectural and Archaeological applications of
Photogrammetry and Vision techniques can be classified in
many ways and according to different parameters. One way to
classify the applications in a comprehensive and rather
"productive" way is shown below (Fig. 6).
On the semiotics level, these revealed some important aspects :
" The strict scientific rationale gave its place to a mobility
across different disciplines, very similar to what Steger
(Stengers, 1997) called “guerilla epistemology”, and I
quote: “The problem of the contemporary sciences is not,
for me, one of the scientific rationality but of a very
particular form of mobilization: it is a matter of succeeding
in aligning interests, in disciplining them without
destroying them. The goal is not an army of soldiers all
marching in step in the same direction; there has to be an
initiative, a sense of opportunity that belongs rather to the
guerilla.”
Photogrammetry, for the first time, does not merely report
on what can be seen. In other words, it produces reality
itself. So it faces the challenges of intervention,
generalization of reality, perception, and aesthetics.
For long, time was separated from space. Although the 3"
dimension is still very important, the 4" dimension is
increasingly valued.
At a time when high-quality photogrammetric products are
much needed, Do-it-yourself Photogrammetry is on the
rise.
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part BS. Istanbul 2004
By Purpose
cumentation
and settlements
GIS
Visualization Virtual Museums
of monuments
of monuments
Studies of artifacts
Special Studies
Studies of citv centers
Architectural analysis
Conservation and restoration
Archaeological Do
2D vector
Plans/Sections : $
2D texture maps
3D vector
reconstructions x
3D N
reconstructions us 4e 2
By Product
Single-photo
Stereo / Multi- ES
photo i
V
Methodology
Multi-sensor
fusion
AB
Technical rh el ioe
aspects 1
Documentation, §
Archiving E
Visualization
aspects
mphasis on
a
Financial
aspects
By E
Time
aspects em
Figure 6: Classification of applications
On the managerial level, new work habits, new research
opportunities, even new forms of institutions force
Photogrammetry to offer its services in many gears and under
different angles of view. Worth mentioning are the following :
" Post-industrial re-allocation of the capital resources
require that accountability prevails and justification of the
costs are always required. Many times costs should be
highly suppressed due to limited budgets.
” The massive use of technology has occurred not because it
is desirable end by itself, but because it is connected to
more generic business aspects. Many tools, now in use in
Photogrammetry, have been designed and brought
eventually to our discipline.
* Innovative research is increasingly coming from non-
governmental institutes and non-academic laboratories.
® In Europe and North America (at least for the 2/3 of the
population) the work time is reducing and people tend to
spend much of their free time in cultural activitics. So a
new market is emerging and Photogrammetry can claim its
share.
* Small enterprises on a knowledge-intensive basis with
suppressed capital and operational costs are appearing as
an answer to the market-pull.
® Terms like Standardization, Quality assurance and
Intellectual property rights are entering our Agenda.
