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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part BS. Istanbul 2004 
Pithora, the popular hero of the stories of Hindus, extended the 
Lal-Kot by throwing up around it massive stone ramparts and 
gates. Now known as the Qila Rai Pithora, which was the first 
city of Delhi. As evidenced that several temples were built 
within the Lal-Kot, which were all pulled down by the later 
rulers of Delhi. 
4.2 Siri 
The Siri was the second city of Delhi. It is situated about 4.4 
kms. in the north-east of Qutb Minar. And it is approachable 
from the southern tip of Hauz Khas Enclave and from Panch 
Sheel Road which leads towards east to Siri. It is lying spread 
over an area of about 1.70 sq. kms. Its foundation was laid by 
Sultan Alau’d-Din Khilji in 1303. It was the first city to be 
originally built by the Muslims. Siri was a circular city. In other 
words, its rubble-built high city-wall is roughly oval on plan. 
The eastern portion of Siri is cut across by the wide road 
connecting Moolchand Hospital and Chiragh Delhi. Siri is said 
to have possessed seven gates out of which one may be seen 
even now towards the south-east. It had a palace of a thousand 
pillars saw many triumphs and tragedies, but has since 
completely gone to ruins. So, no remains of palaces have come 
to light here except the relicts of the city walls as is shown in 
the Figure 6 and 7. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 6 & 7. Remains of rubble-built high city walls of Siri 
It is noteworthy to mention that some derelict structures in the 
village of Shahpur Jat situated inside it on the west. Alau'd-Din 
Khilji had built the magnificent great royal tank called the Hauz 
Khas, for providing water to Siri. It was originally known as 
Hauz-i-Ala'i. At that time it had enough water to meet the needs 
of the city. However, at present, the city is a mass of ruins. It is 
represented now only by stretches of its thick stone walls 
provided with *flame-shaped' battlements which appeared here 
for the first time. The site of this city is partially occupied by the 
village of Shahpur Jat. At present, Siri is situated where the Siri 
Fort and the modern day Asiad Village Complex are located. 
43 Tughluqabad 
The Tughluqabad was the third city of Delhi. It was built on the 
rocky southern ridge with architectural ambitions. It has 
massive bastions and walls. Tughluqabad was built by 
Ghiyathu'd-Din Tughluq (1321-25) in 1321. It was constructed 
on the Badarpur-Qutb road at a distance of about 7.70 kms. 
away from the Qutb Minar. The city Tughluqabad was a huge 
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 8 & 9. Remains of Tughlaquabad City 
complex comprising a palace, fort and town which spread over 
an area of around 2.20 sq. kms. as is shown in the Figures 8, 9, 
10 and 11. It is interesting to know that there was lack of water. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 10 & 11. Relicts of Tughlaquabad and Adilabad Forts 
So, for its water supply, the palace had a large and deep stone- 
laid reservoir. Due to water shortage, the city was never fully 
occupied and deserted within 5 years. Most of the population 
preferred to remain in the old city because there was ample 
water supply. Adilabad, subsidiary fort to the south of 
Tughluqabad (Figure 11) was built by Ghiyathu'd-Din's son 
and successor, Muhammad-bin-Tughluq (1325-51). It is 
architecturally resembled to Tughluqabad fort. The walls of the 
embankment connecting it with Tughluqabad are carried over 
the hills as the outer walls of the city. The fortress is also known 
as the Muhammadabad.  Muhammad-bin-Tughluq soon 
abandoned Adilabad. 
4.4 Jahanpanah 
The Jahanpanah was the fourth city of Delhi. Jahanpanah was 
built in 1327 by Muhammad-bin-Tughluq (1325-51). It was 
built by enclosing the then inhabited area between Qila Rai 
Pithora and Siri, the finest two cities of Delhi. The stone-built 
walls of the city cross the Delhi-Mehrauli road. The relicts of 
the walls still traceable at several places such as to the north of 
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), to the north of Begampur 
and south of the Khirki mosque, to the north of Chirag Delhi at 
Satpula, and close to the Hauz-Rani gate of Qila Rai Pithora. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 12 & 13. Relicts of Jahanpanah city and Satpula walls 
Earlier, he shifted the city to his new capital which he had 
named Daulatabad. Later on, he came back to Delhi. The city 
Jahanpanah was located between Qutb and Siri at a distance of 
nearly 4.40 kms. from the Qutb Minar. The main aim behind the 
establishment of this city was to join the two walls to provide 
protection to the inhabitants from the outside invaders. For that 
reason, the city was named Jahanpanah that literally means 
"Shelter of the World". Using the fortification of the older 
cities, the city had thirteen gates in all - six on the north and 
seven on the south (Yamamoto et. al., 1970). Inside it laid the 
palaces. Very little of this city has survived as shown in figure 
12 and 13. Today its surroundings are usually known as Chirag 
Delhi.