International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004
were created from 6 and image in Figure 11 from 11 single
images.
Figure 11. The right image of the block (10706 x 5979 pixels).
One image of each set was chosen to the base image and the rest
of the set were stitched to them. The principal points of the base
images were also the principal points of the final image
mosaics. As can be seen the block geometry was far from ideal,
but this kind of situations easily occur in practice if there are no
86
cranes or scaffolds available. Due to the poor block geometry
this experiment might give too pessimistic impression of the
performance of the panoramic image mosaics.
There were 32 targets with known 3-D coordinates attached to
the facade. The targets were so small that the images had to be
taken close to the wall, otherwise they could not be recognized
on the images. The image coordinates of the targets were
measured manually and a free network adjustment was
calculated. The additional parameters were not used, because
the image mosaics were assumed to be distortion free. The
calculated points were transformed to the correct coordinate
system with 3-D similarity transform and the comparison
between the known and calculated points are shown in Figures
12 and 13. Due to the imaging geometry the accuracy in depth
direction is clearly better than the planar accuracy. It can be
seen that there is clear systemacy in the deformations. The
points in the middle deviated only few millimetres from the
correct coordinates and the worst deformation on the top left
point was almost 5 cm. The average length of the deformation
vectors was 16.3 mm and the standard deviation was 10.9 mm.
planar deformation
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Figure 12. The planar deformations. The correct coordinates are
marked with small circles. The biggest deformation vector in
the top left corner of the figure is 5 cm. The units in the graph
are metres.
3-D deformation
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Figure 13. The accuracy in depth direction is better than the
planar accuracy.
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