004 
ITC 
the 
| as 
s of 
age 
and 
ce), 
ily, 
The 
tag, 
. all 
es 
IRC 
lone 
lad, 
ries 
raw 
ing 
onal 
film 
Het 
| on 
TV) 
es 
ews 
ther 
| the 
and 
]ues 
lS. 
cess 
and 
hese 
ists, 
ng- 
y on 
iced 
| the 
This 
ups 
vely 
arch 
the 
opic 
new 
the 
held 
  
  
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B6. Istanbul 2004 
  
later this year, which will also publish a special book on 
coal fires. 
- Experience has shown that by starting small, with only one 
Chinese partner at the beginning of our research in the 
1980's, first understanding the problem, the issues, the 
local constraints, etc. that one can they expand the 
research, publish results, carry out promotional activities. 
These in turn attract extra research funds, which in turn 
allows the project to tackle increasing complex scientific 
issues by means of more staff, equipment and other 
resources. 
- he research into coal fires using earth observation has 
resulted in spin-off to other applications in Developing 
countries. The techniques of thermal IR interpretation, 
SAR interferometry, image and data fusion, multi stage 
sampling (from simultaneously acquired satellite, aircraft, 
ground and subsurface data) have been also successfully 
applied to other problems such as sub-surface detection of 
landmines, land subsidence, environmental monitoring, 
etc. (Gens, R. and Genderen, J.L. van, 1996; Pohl C., and 
Genderen, J.L. van, 1998; Maathuis, B.HP., and 
Genderen, J.L. van,. 2004) 
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support to this 
research programme by the ITC Research Fund, the Netherlands 
National Remote Sensing Programme, the Asian Development 
Bank, the European Union, the Dutch Aid Agency, the various 
Chinese government funding agencies. 
7. REFERENCES 
The following list of publications is a representative selection of 
the publications made by ITC team members during the past ten 
years. 
References from Journals: 
Wan, Y., Deng, W. and Yan, Y., 2004. "Mapping coal fires 
based on OMISI thermal infrared image". (Int. Journal of 
Remote Sensing, Volume 25, No. 3, 593-602) 
Maathuis, B.H.P. and Genderen, J.L. van, 2004. “ Image 
analysis techniques for remote sensing based detection of 
landmines and minefields” (International Journal of Remote 
Sensing, in press) 
Zhang, X., Genderen, J.L. van and Kroonenberg, S.B., 2003. 
“Spatial analysis of thermal anomalies from airborne multi- 
spectral data” (International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 
24, pp 1-17) 
Prakash, A., Fielding, F.J., Gens, R. and Genderen, J.L. van, 
2001. “Data fusion for investigating land subsidence and coal 
fire hazards in a coal mining area” (International Journal of 
Remote Sensing, Vol. 22, no. 6, pp 921-932) 
Zhang, XM., Cassels, C.J.S. and Genderen, J.L. van, 1999. 
"Multi-sensor data fusion for the detection of underground coal | 
fires (Geologie en Mijnbouw, vol, 77, no. 2, pp 117-127) 
Pohl, C. and Genderen, J.L. van, 1998. “Multisensor image 
fusion in remote sensing: concepts, methods and applications” 
(International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp 
823-854) 
179 
Zheng, X., Genderen, J.L. van and Kroonenberg, S.B., 1997. “A 
method to evaluate the capability of Landsat-5 TM band 6 data 
for sub-pixel coal fire detection” (International Journal of 
Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, no. 15, pp 3279-3288) 
Peng, W.X., Genderen, J.L. van et al., 1997. “Estimating the 
depth of underground coal fires using data integration 
techniques” (Terra Nova, vol. 9, pp 180-183) 
Gens, R. and Genderen J.L. van, 1996. “SAR Interferometry: 
issues, techniques and applications” (International Journal of 
Remote Sensing, vol. 17, no. 10, pp 1803-1835) 
Wan Y.Q. and Zhang, X.M., 1996. “Using a DTM to reduce the 
effect of solar radiance on Landsat TM thermal IR images and 
detection of coal fires" (Asian-pacific Remote Sensing and 
GIS Journal, Volume 8, Number 2, p 65-72) 
References from books: 
Rosema, A., Guan, N., Veld, H., Genderen, J.L. van et al., 2000. 
"Coal fire fighting and prevention plan * (NITG Publication 
00-28C, 84 pp) 
Genderen, J.L. van, Prakash, A., Gens, R. et al., 2000. * Coal 
Fire Interferometry" (BCRS Publication USP-99-32, ISBN 90- 
5411-309-X, 63 pp) 
Rosema, A., Guan, H., Genderen, J.L. van et al., 1999, “Manual 
of Coalfire detection and monitoring" (Netherland Inst. of 
Applied Geoscience Report, ISBN 90-6743-640-2, 245 pp 
Genderen, J.L. van, Cassells, C. and Gens, R. (eds.), 1997. 
"Synergy of remotely sensed data: a European scientific 
research network" (European Commission Report, ISBN 90- 
6164-151-9, 155 pp) 
Genderen, J.L. van and Guan, H.Y., 1997. "Environmental 
monitoring of spontaneous combustion in the North China 
coalfields" (European Commission Report INCO-DC, ISBN 
90-6164-152-7, 244 pp) 
Rosema, A., Genderen, J.L. van and Schalke, H.J. W.G., 1995. 
“Environmental monitoring of coal fires in North China” 
(BCRS Report no. 9329, 45 pp) 
References from Conference papers: 
Genderen, J.L. van, 1995. "Ten years of detecting, measuring, 
monitoring, predicting and extinguishing coal fires in North 
China: Status and prospects for success" (Proc. Second 
International Symposium on Operationalizatioti of Remote 
Sensing, ITC Enschede. 16-20 August). 
Vekerdy. Z. and Genderen. J.L. van, 1999. "COALMAN: 
Information system for the monitoring of subsurface coal fires 
and the management of fire fighting in coal mining areas. (Proc. 
Int. Conference on Geoinformaties for Natural Resource 
Assessment, Monitoring, and Management. IIRS. Dehradun, 
India, 9-11 March) 
Zhang. J.. Vekerdy. Z.. Genderen. J.L. van. Wang F., Veld H. 
and Cui. B., 1999. "Expert knowledge fusion for hazard 
reduction in the development of a Dynamic Analysis System for 
Fire Fighting." (Proc. Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS 
Conference. 4-6 October. Beijing, China) 
Zhang, .X.M., .Cassells, C. and Genderen, J.L. van, 1997. 
"Mapping Underground Coal Fires using Remote Sensing and 
GIS techniques" (Paper presented at the 10^ International