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The objectives of IRIS are to increase the resolution and
accuracy of the traditional routine ice chart by adding new
informative elements of in situ and forecasted ridging
parameters, and to include ridging to ice information, and
provide the forecasts of ridging resolving operative models as
time series.
The objective of ICEMON is to design and implement an
integrated monitoring service for sea ice and related
atmospheric and ocean processes in Polar Regions using
satellite earth observation data in combination with in situ
observations and modelling methods.
The objective of IWICOS was to develop the marine
information system prototype, where users could use the single
point entry for the use of various users including weather
offices, ice services and research institutes. At FIMR also SAR
image classification algorithms were developed as part of the
IWICOS project.
5.2.2 Finnish Environment Institute (FEL)
The Finnish Environment Institute (FEI) is both a research
institute, and a centre for environmental expertise serving whole
Finnish environmental administration, local authorities, general
public and private industry. The Geoinformatics and Land Use
Division (GEO) looks after the Finnish Environmental
Administration geographical information systems and remote
sensing data, while also maintaining and developing
information systems related to land use in Finland. There are 30
people working at GEO, operational environmental monitoring.
The number of acquired satellite images has increased from
about 300 image in 2000 to about 850 image in 2004. Images
are mainly low spatial resolution NOAA/AVHRR and MODIS-
images, but higher resolution Landsat TM/ETM and Radarsat
images are used when needed. The main operational tasks are
snow-melt monitoring during spring-time and water temeprature
and algae monitoring during summer.
All research projects are co-operation projects with national and
international research organizations. Main research topics
during 2000-2004 have been:
eo Oil spill detection using EO data, near-real-time
dissemination of information and combination with
drifting models
e Database system for EO data
e Data assimilation between EO data,
measurements and environmental models
e . CORINE2000 land cover classification
e Water surface temperature and quality parameters
(chlorophyll, turbidity, algae) for sea and lakes
e Snow melt monitoring covering whole Finland
ground
5.2.3 Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI)
Finnish Geodetic Institute, Department of Remote Sensing and
Photogrammetry, concentrated in laser algorithms and
applications, SAR data analysis, digital photogrammetry, and
modelling and analysis of BRDF effects.
Photogrammetry (photogrammetry and laser scanning) at the
Finnish Geodetic Institute:
233
e The FGI has carried out photogrammetric research in
the following areas:
e Development of a quality control system for a
countrywide orthophoto production project and
functioning as a quality adviser
e Development of test fields for photogrammetry, laser
scanning, remote sensing and mapping
e Development of quality indicators for digital aerial
images
e Quality and calibration of direct georeferencing
e Coordinates EuroSDR project on Building Extraction
to compare photogrammetric and laser scanning
techniques in building extraction.
e Handbook on the quality of laser scanning
e Development of change detection methods for
airborne laser scanners, i.e. the estimation of forest
growth and monitoring of harvested trees.
Remote Sensing at the Finnish Geodetic Institute:
The FGI has carried out remote sensing research in the
following areas:
e Automation of map updating using aerial images,
photogrammetry and GIS
e The use of SAR images in mapping and map updating
were investigated and methods for automatic
interpretation of the images were developed. In 2002-
2003, the research concentrated on land-use mapping
using interferometric European Remote Sensing
Satellite (ERS) data and high-resolution ESAR data.
e The use of SAR for crop monitoring
e The use of permanent scatterers to detect land
subsidence
e The correction of BRDF effect in aerial images
e Development of field goniometers for
measurements
BRDF
5.2.4 Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Remote Sensing
Laboratory
Remote Sensing Laboratory at GTK is specialized in
hyperspectral remote identification and mapping of geological
and environmental objects. It offers a base for projects dealing
with utilization of remote sensing. Currently, the laboratory is
equipped with a portable spectrometer, electromagnetic
radiation sources, a non-reflecting sample shelf and systems for
controlled moving of imaging and portable spectrometers to
scan the sets of objects on the shelf.
At GTK, hyperspectral remote sensing (electromagnetic
wavelengths 400-2500 nm) is used to study environmental
features, bedrock and soil geology, indications for ore deposits
and industrial minerals and environmental contamination.
Spectroradiometric measurements of samples and hyperspectral
test imaging are carried out in laboratory from near distance.
Imaging of field targets is done from airplane. Hyperspectral
satellite imagery is being tested, too (for reports see:
http://info.gsf.fi/eng/).
The latest completed European project studied ‘Assessing and
monitoring the environmental impact of mining activities in
Europe using advanced Earth Observation techniques”
(MINEO) This project developed key components of the
decision-making tools to exploit Airborne and Earth
Observation data and facilitate their use to locate and monitor
