International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B6. Istanbul 2004 
  
  
line + round orifice in industry accessory, surveying the 
1 = r ards , i]: 
plane attitudes according to plane's profile; 
€ We can improve the reliability of image matching 
through digital close range photogrammetry based on 
multi baselines; 
€ (CD vidicon with rotating platform has been 
triumphantly used to survey the industry hardware such 
as Industrial Sheet Metal Parts. 
3.2 Close Range Photogrammetry 
Wuhan University proposed a theory and method of 
establishing the model of digital camera distortion based on the 
approximate-2D control field. This theory has been used to 
establish the total distortion of each pixel in different kinds of 
cameras, including making certain the defect of chip in camera 
the exact position. The approximate-2D control field is a set of 
markers that dispose on indoor wall. This kind of markers, with 
easy establishing and maintaining, lie in the approximate plane. 
Wuhan University also proposed a theory that are only needed 
three control points for 2-D perspective transform in industry 
surveying. This theory simplified the image correction flow of 
the objects with flat surface. Moreover, we can ignore the non- 
verticality of the chip coordinate axis and the non-square of the 
pixel by using four control points. Wuhan University also put 
forward the theory and method of constructing industry 
photogrammetry net with inequality internal orientation and of 
lofting keyholes of bolted bridges and other bolted steel 
structures and of drilling of numerical control machine tools 
online. Shandong University of Science and Technology 
developed the theory and method of digital camera calibration 
and correction based on multi-image space resection. 
3.3 Remote Sensing 
In remote sensing theories and methods, Chinese scientists are 
giving more attention to research the theories of EM 
characteristic, information transfer law, data calibration and 
information recombination. In the traditional areas, more 
researches are conducted in Geosciences, especially in global 
environment and climate change. The funds for these 
researches are gradually increased from the government, 
including 973 Project and the National Natural Science Fund of 
China. Chinese scientists are more activated in some global 
research projects than before. Automatic and intelligent target 
identification and classification, such as spatial data mining, are 
still the main research fields. Many new theories and methods 
have been introduced into remote sensing field and been given 
more contents, for example, wavelet transform theory in remote 
sensing data compression and data fusion, Genetic Algorithm 
and mathematical morphologic theories in image classification, 
neural network theory in classification and information 
extraction, robust statistics theory in image feature estimation, 
and recognition theory in pattern recognition etc. High- 
resolution remote sensing data processing and analysis methods 
are still the hotspot. Some application models and methods, 
such as drought prediction method and flood monitoring model, 
are still improving. In microwave remote sensing, the theory 
and methods are continuously being studied, such as, SAR 
image processing and information extraction, and INSAR data 
processing and analysis. Some researches begin to enter into 
culture and social science field as archaeology and demography 
spatial analysis. 
3.4 GIS 
There are lots of fruitful achievements in the theories and 
methods of GIS in China. These achievements have been 
summarized in the National Report of China for the 21* ICA 
Conference in Durban. Here just are the brief introductions to 
these achievements: 
€ Some innovation in cartology theory have been achieved, 
such as deepening the theory of map space cognition, 
deepening and developing the theory of map visualization 
perception, exploring and investigating geoscience 
information Tupu, studying the linguistic characters of 
spatial information and the mechanism of its automatic 
understanding; establishing the map algebra hierarchy 
system; 
e There are also some research results, for example, multi- 
scale expression and cartographic integration. of the 
spatial data, data model and data structure of GIS, GIS 
data uncertainty, spatial information visualization and 
virtual reality, and spatial data warehouse and data 
mining etc.