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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B6. Istanbul 2004 
  
4. APPLICATIONS 
4.1 Photogrammetry 
With the research, development and generalization of the 
digital photogrammmetry in depth and in strength by the end of 
the last century, Digital Photogrammetry Workstations (DPWs) 
have been popularized in China. At present, aside from few 
analytic plotters in large-scale mapping, most photogrammetry 
projects are preformed by DPWs. Furthermore, more and more 
private companies and enterprises enter into these fields, other 
than the traditional organizations such as some province 
bureaus of surveying and mapping, some investigating and 
designing bodies in different ministries and commissions. 
Some large photogrammetry organizations, for example, 
Sichuan Bureaus of Surveying and Mapping, Shannxi Bureaus 
of Surveying and Mapping, and Heilongjiang Bureaus of 
Surveying and Mapping, could provide some services for 
oversea projects (USA, Japan, and some European countries). 
Therefore, it is the rapid development period of digital 
photogrammetry from 2000 to 2004 in China. 
4.2 Close Range Photogrammetry 
There are many examples in application of Close range 
photogrammetry in different fields other than traditional ones. 
These successful templates are finished by various kinds of 
sectors, such as China Institute of Geotechnical Investigation 
and Surveying, Donghuang Research Institute, Wuhan 
University, Zhongshui Northern Company and Zhengzhou 
University of Information Engineering. Based on Close Range 
photgrammetry and 3-D Laser scanning technologies, some 
applications are involved in surveying and virtual reality 
wandering of the ancient sites and cultural relics as the Imperial 
Palace in Beijing, Mocao Caves in Dunhuang, Mausoleum of 
the First Qin Emperor and Terra-Cotta Warriors in Xi’an, 
Three Gorges Project Submerged Area, Linshan Figure of 
Buddy in Wuxi, Budala Palace in Tibet, the Figure of Buddy in 
Leshan, the Rock Cave in Yungan, etc. The close range 
photgrammetry technology is also been used in athletic training 
in the Sports Research Institute of General Administration of 
Sports. Other applications include hydroelectric project 
constructing, hydraulic model monitoring, buccal 3-D model 
establishing, debris flow monitoring, and hydraulic building 
distortion monitoring etc. The 3-D CCD camera will be 
249 
mounted on the Chinese moon-probing satellite. Shandong 
University of Science and Technology implemented the low- 
altitude photogrammetry test based on Hasselblad 555 ELD 
camera mounted on helicopter. Moreover, they also experiment 
the micro-photgrammetry of the steel-carbon fracture by 
electron microscope. 
4.3 Remote Sensing 
In the area of resource investigation, satellite images have 
become the primary information sources in China. The 
application of remote sensing in land resource has widely been 
adopted by cities and towns and photogrammetry and remote 
sensing play an important role in these applications. High- 
resolution images application is highly regarded than ever. 
When it concerns to key projects in China, such as “South to 
North Water Transfer Project”, “West to East Power Transfer 
Project", * West to East Gas Transfer Project”, “Qingzang 
Railway", "Three Gorges Project", and some projects for 
"Digital City"and “Digital River”, photogrammetry and remote 
sensing provide spatial information and have been the technical 
guarantee in engineering plan, design and implementation. In 
the areas of environment protection and change detection, 
photogrammetry and remote sensing technologies provide new 
methods and approaches to support the researches in 
atmosphere environment, water environment and ecosystem 
environment. The application of middle and low-resolution 
satellite data has gone more and more far and come into being 
hotspot. For the purpose of disaster monitoring, such as that for 
fire, drought and flood, photogrammetry and remote sensing 
technologies have been widely used in disaster’s prediction, 
monitoring, and mitigation. After HY-1A being launched into 
space, the application of remote sensing in ocean has being to 
the top. Lots of applications have been carried out in the area of 
sea ice, red tide, coast zone and the corresponding application 
template systems have also been developed. With the 
combination of Electromagnetic remote sensing and sonar 
remote sensing, 3-D observation for ocean has been formed 
gradually. The applications in microwave remote sensing 
become more widely feasible than before, such as in flood 
monitoring, mine resource investigation, soil erosion analysis, 
rice planting areas and ocean wave elevation analysis and so 
on. All of these show that the applications of microwave 
remote sensing are being on the way to more fields.