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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B6. Istanbul 2004 
  
area, 
e Geological module with parcel-related information on 
suitability of land for construction in the earthquake 
region, 
e Internet module to improve availability of cadastre, 
land registry and other MERLIS data. 
The GDLRC will implement a set of projects to renovate 
cadastre and land registry in the three provinces which covers 
an area of 9351 km”. In this concept; Marmara Earthquake 
Region Geodetic Control Densification Project by GPS are 
completed in 2003, 1/1000 scale digital photogrammetric map 
production projects in urban areas will be completed around 
December 2004. Cadastre renovation projects that cover 93 
villages will also be completed early in 2005. Conceptual 
design of the MERLIS System and the plan of its 
implementation in Sakarya, Kocaeli and Yalova provinces (5 
Cadastre Offices and 25 Land Registry Offices) are already 
prepared. 
General Directorate of Forestry have also prepared a big project 
in Northern Turkey. The aim of project is to complete forest 
cadastre in that area by using 1:5000 scales digital vector and 
orthophoto maps to be produced by private sector in six months. 
Another photogrammetric activity in that department is to 
produce 1:25.000 scale forest classification maps using colour- 
infrared aerial photographs. Colour-infrared aerial photographs 
are taken by GCM in almost 50.000 square kilometres in every 
year and thematic maps are produced by private companies. 
Some other public organizations such as General Directorate of 
Rural Services (GDRS) and State Institute of Statistics (SIS) 
deal with remote sensing and information system in their 
activities. For example, GDRS has installed a new unit 
responsible for; 
" Establishment of national soil and water resources 
databases, 
* Producing of national soil and water resources services 
maps to be used as base elements for development plans, 
* Solution of problems related to natural resources and 
administration using national databases. 
Four main project have been implemented for above mentioned 
purposes. Updating of databases and data quality established in 
those projects have the primary priority. 
m Soil database, 
= Rural and agricultural infrastructure services database, 
= Updating of Turkish General Soil Map (1:1.000.000) and 
report according to FAO-UNESCO Soil Taxonomy, 
* Updating of land cover and land usage according to 
CORINE methodology by means of remote sensing 
techniques. 
SIS has initiated a project called "Determination of Land Cover 
of Turkey" in 2001 and will be completed at the end of this 
year. The aim of the project is to determine agricultural areas, 
vegetation cover, forest areas, land usage classifications 
273 
supporting the conventional methods by means of remote 
sensing and geographical information system. 
Role of the private sector in photogrammetry, remote sensing 
and spatial information applications has also important in 
Turkey. There is a satellite imagery ground station called Inta 
SpaceTurk Inc. located in Ankara. That company deals with 
Ikonos imagery in its province of interest. 
Many monopol municipalities made contracts with some native 
private companies to have city information system by means of 
photogrammetry and remote sensing methods. 
3. EDUCATION 
Education on Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering is 
given as 8 semesters in universities. A semester consist of 14 
weeks. Four major components of education may be 
distinguished: 
a. Basic studies (Semester 1-4; mathematics, mechanics. 
computer science, basics of surveying) 
b. Specialized studies (semester 5-7; physical and satellite 
geodesy, photogrammetry, remote sensing, land planning and 
consolidation, engineering surveying, (GIS) 
c. External practical work (60 days at governmental institutions 
and private sector), 
d. Seminar study and diploma thesis (semester 8). 
There are also 29 vocational schools (2 years) and some 
technical collages on geodesy and photogrammetry. 
There are some institutes such as Geodesy and Geography 
Information Technology (GGIT) of Middle East of Technical 
University and Satellite and Space Science Research Institute 
(SSSRI) of Anadolu University give only Master of Science and 
doctorate education on photogrammetry, remote sensing and 
geographic information systems. GGIT has been founded in the 
1997-1998 academic term and 41 Master of Science students 
have been graduated up to January 2004. 
On the other hand, universities carry out some research and 
collaborative works with private and public sector on national 
and international level. Some examples on international projects 
implemented by  Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 
Departments of Istanbul Technical University are as follows; 
= Monitoring of urbanization and land use changes at the 
Marmara Sea Coast-B.Cekmece District by means of 
integration of satellite data and conventional field data 
(ITU, TUBITAK, Russian Science Academy, University 
of Bristol). 
" Use of space technologies for earthquake hazard 
assessment and monitoring, supported by the European 
Space Agency (ESA). 
= The use and evaluation of JERS data capability for crop 
identification at the Trace in Turkey, supported by ESA.