International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
coordinates or nearer recording stations (Noto and Lampedusa 
are nevertheless the closest to Cyrenaica and therefore the best 
that could be used during the survey). 
From the orthorectification process, the synthetic image for 
stereo viewing and consequently the orientation in digital 
photogrammetry came out. The main influence on the synthetic 
image creation comes from the Stereoscopic Factor which has 
been chosen referring to the paper of Batson et al. (1976); a 
simple proportion between spatial resolution of the utilized 
images and Stereoscopic Factor was computed. 
The RMSE in triangulation and the consecutive output from 
stereorestitution finally demonstrate that the stereopair can be 
adequate for geological mapping at a scale 1:10,000. 
5. CONCLUSION 
Stereo images have been utilized in geology for a long time, 
since they can provide a better understanding of the terrain 
landform and result in a better interpretation of the terrain. 
Stereoscopic vision of QuickBird satellite images is 
traditionally impossible because of the sensor acquiring 
pushbroom method. The creation of synthetic imageries for 
stereo viewing results an alternative solution that additionally 
enables the maintenance of the multispectral bands and the high 
spatial resolution (70 cm). 
The described method, although not so-highly accurate to be 
used at a bigger scale or for topographic mapping, allowed the 
geological photointerpretation at a scale of 1:10,000 with 
adequate positional accuracy. 
Furthermore it has to be considered the difficulties encountered 
in collecting data: topographic maps at a bigger scale and 
known reference points for DGPS measurements or data from 
permanent recording stations could allow positional accuracy 
increasing. 
References from Journals: 
Abdulsamad, E.O., 2000. Contribution to the Nummulites 
taxonomy from the paleogene sequences of Al Jabal al Akhdar 
(Cyrenaica, NE Libya). Revue Paléobiol., 19 (1), pp. 19-45. 
Batson R.M., Edwards K. & Eliason F.M., 1976. Synthetic 
stereo and Landsat pictures. Photogrammetric Engineering and 
Remote Sensing, 42(10), pp. 1279-1284. 
Carmignani, L., Giammarino, S., Giglia, G. & Pertusati, P.C., 
1990. The Qasr As Sahabi succession and the Neogene 
evolution of the Sirte Basin (Libya). Journal of the African 
Earth Sciences, 10(4), pp. 753-769. 
Toutin, T. & Cheng, P. 2002. Quickbird — a milestone for high 
resolution Mapping. Earth Observation Magazine, 11(4), pp. 
14-18. 
References from Other Literature: 
Kolbl, O., 2001. Technical specification for the elaboration of 
Digital Elevation Model. Report, Ecole Politecnique Federale 
de Lausanne, Department de Genie Rural Version, 4, pp. 26-32. 
Methakullachat, D., 1994. Synthetic Stereo Display and 
Calculation on a PC. Report, School of Surveying and Mapping, 
Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, pp. 43. 
Volpe, F. & Rossi, L., 2003. Processamento geometrico di dati 
QuickBird tramite RPC. 7^ ASITA National Conference. 
Verona, 2, pp. 1873-1878. 
References from websites: 
Digital Globe, 2004. Customer Service Technical Support. 
http://www.digitalglobe.com (accessed 06 May 2004) 
NIMA, 2000. National Imagery and Mapping Agency, FAS 
(Federation of American Scientists) - Intelligence Resource 
Program “Digital Terrain Elevation Data [DTED]”. 
http://www. fas.org/irp/program/core/dted. htm (accessed 06 
May 2004) 
USGS. 2002. U.S. Geological Survey “National Elevation 
Dataset”. http://gisdata.usgs.net/NED/AccuracyQ2.asp 
(accessed 06 May 2004) 
Acknowledgements: 
The work has been realized in the framework of the Project 
"Ricognizione e scavi nel santuario agreste di Ain Hofra 
(Cirenaica) e studio dei materiali per l'allestimento del Museo 
di Bengasi" (Ministery of the University and the Scientific and 
Technological Research) which is coordinated by the Prof. E. 
Fabbricotti of the University of Chieti (IT). A particular thank 
to the Department of Antiquity of Shahhat for the availability of 
consulting aerial imageries and topographic maps. 
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