International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
marine geographic information system, although this is in the 
beginning, is supposed to be constructed on the sea. 
So, the management of the single projection method to digital 
map and Digital Chart will be accomplished for the final unified 
management of the national geographic information system and 
the marine geographic information system. 
As the analysis scope of this study, it was done in the analysis 
of errors by 3 geometric strength points which are used as the 
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vais. and by the changes of the 
control points in the ana 
variance factor which is used in the Chi-Square goodness of 
fitness analysis of the observed value of GPS, respectively. 
2. GPS SURVEYING 
There are two types in the observation method of GPS, 
pseudoranges and carrier phases. The pseudoranges are often 
used in the navigation system. Although the carrier phases are 
usually used in the surveying to require the very high precision, 
the pseudoranges and the complex analysis methods are 
sometimes more prevailing comparing to the one. Since in the 
carrier phases, there are double difference and triple difference. 
(Kang, 2004) 
3. APPLICATIONS. 
3.1 Study area. 
The sample areas of this study were selected as the first, 
second, third and forth points in the Pusan city. The existing 
triangular points were inspected to estimate the accuracy of the 
points. 
The figure 3.1 shows the flow chart of this projects that are 
composed as three parts, planning, the field and the office 
works. 
  
The name of 
Surveying specification 
equipment 
  
m GRS 2600 GPS Receiver 
|. GPS equipment of SOKKIA make : 3 Set 
2. Accuracy(Static, Rapid Static) 
Horizontal : 0.5cm + 1ppm'D 
Vertical : lcm * 1ppm:D 
m Radian IS GPS Receiver 
1. GPS equipment of SOKKIA make : 2 Set 
2. Accuracy (Static, Rapid Static ) 
Horizontal : 0.5cm + 1ppm-D 
Vertical : 1cm + 1ppm:D 
m SET 530R 
1. EDM equipment of SOKKIA make : 1set 
EDM 2. Accuracy 
Horizontal : 0.2 cm * 2ppm: D 
GPS Receiver 
  
  
  
  
Vertical : 0.2 cm + Ippm-D 
  
  
1. verifying triangular point and getting point record in 
1:25,000 map. 
2. Field investigation for verifying triangular point and if they 
are able to be used or not. 
3. Determination of surveying session with considering GPS 
  
satellite positing and DOP 
  
[5v Field Work 
1. GPS Static surveying. 
session 1 : GPS Static survering on five triangular points. 
session 2, 3 : GPS control point surveying for matching 
digital map with digital chart. 
2. EDM surveying. 
EDM surveying boundary of digital map and digital chart 
using coordinates of points which were gotten by GPS 
surveying. 
3.2 Field surveying 
3.2.1 GPS static surveying. 
GPS static surveying was processed, divided into plan, field 
work. And it was done in total 3 stages. 
3.2.1.1 Check of the triangular points 
The first work is the check of triangular points and of 
whether it is used or not. At this stage, the triangular point is 
selected and checked to carry out the GPS Static surveying. 
For this study, it was intended to select the first and the second 
grade points, respectively. But those were to be few, so in study 
the following points was selected. The first grade triangular 
point(Bong-Lae Mt. triangular point)-1 point. The second grade 
triangular point(Um-Gaung Mt. triangular point)-1 point. The 
third(Jang-San Mt. triangular point)-1 point. The forth(Whang- 
Rung Mt., Keum-Ryun Mt. triangular points)-2 points. 
The table 3.2 shows the name and the coordinate of the 
triangular point used in this study. 
Table 3.2 The coordinate of triangular point 
(unit : m) 
Triangular Point N E | H 
Bong-Lae Mt. |175,947.4206 204,971.4931 | 394.720 
Um-Gaung Mt. | 181,955.7937 | 201,906.9757 504.220 
Jang-San Mt. |179,821.0950 | 21 1,051.9410 | 224.600 
Whang-Lyung Mt 184,236.8140 |207,407.7780 | 427.630 _ 
| Keum-Ryun Mt. | 183,613.4990 | 209,158.8250 | 225.570 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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Office Work 
1. Analysis for precision improvement of GPS surveying result. 
! Analyzing error of control points with geometric intensity . 
^ Analyzing error of GPS surveying result with variation of 
Variance Factor in Chi-Square Verification. 
2. Analyzing united error of digital map and digital chart. 
Analyzing error between digital map and digital chart 
through TM projection of digital chart. 
  
  
  
Figure 3.1 Flow chart of this study 
Table 3.1 The surveying implements used in this surveying 
The picture 3.1 shows the triangular points of Um-gaung Mt. 
and Jang-San Mt. among points used. 
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