International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXX V, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
IRS-P4 OCM derived chlorophyll 
February 29, 2000 
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Fig. 5. Use of OCEANSAT I OCM and AVHRR SST for 
identifying potential fishery zones 
\ 4. SHORELINE PROTECTION 
In world, many areas are being eroded and threaten the life and 
property of local population. The economic and human costs of 
the coastal erosion are growing as more people migrate towards 
coast. Healthy coastal ecosystems cannot completely protect coast 
from impacts of storms and floods, but they do play an important 
role in stabilizing shorelines and buffering coastal development 
from impact of storm. One of the major requirements of planning 
coastal protection work is to understand coastal processes of 
erosion, deposition, and sediment-transport, flooding and sea- 
level-changes, which continuously modify the shoreline. The 
historical and functional approaches to study shoreline changes 
along with various landforms help in deciphering the coastal 
processes operating in an area (Shaikh et al. 1989, Nayak, 2000). 
Coastal geomorphology of the Godavari delta was studied using 
airborne X band SAR and IRS LISS II images (Madhavan, et al. 
1999). Multi-date satellite data have been used to study shoreline 
change and coastal landforms, which provided insight into large 
area sediment transport studies and detecting long-term change in 
entire coastline (Nayak, 2000). The planimetric accuracy was 15 
m at the 1:50,000-scale (Chauhan and Nayak, 1995). Use of 
digital terrain model along with tidal heights can improve 
shoreline change detection (Chan and Raul, 1998). 
Shoreline-change mapping (1967-68, 1985-89, 1990-92 periods) 
for the entire Indian coast has been carried out using LANDSAT 
MSS/TM and IRS LISS II data on 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scale. 
Erosion has been observed north of Visakhapatnam, Paradip, and 
Ennore, north of Madras, near Nagapattiam and Kanyakumari 
ports on the East Coast of India (Fig. 6) while deposition has been 
observed south of these ports. These changes are attributed to 
construction of artificial barriers like breakwater, jetties, etc. 
(Nayak et al. 1992, 1997, Chauhan et al. 1996).). 
p TV LI 
  
  
Fig. 6. Changes in shoreline between 1929 and 2001 in the 
deltaic region of Maha Nadi, Eastern India. 
It is recently realised that construction of dam on rivers 
significantly alters coastal environment at least for some time. 
The Dhuvaran Thermal Power Station located on the northern 
bank of the Mahi estuary in the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay) had 
experienced severe erosion during 1979-1981. The analysis of 
multi-date satellite imagery indicated significant shoreline 
changes in the Mahi estuary, western coast of India, between 
1972 and 1988 (Nayak and Sahai, 1985). These changes were 
attributed to construction of dams on the Mahi and Panam rivers 
in upstream regions during 1975. Remedial measures in the form 
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