International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
on screen digitization were used. When the contour were
finalized after checking the redundancy and segment
mode of the map, then these contour were interpolated by
using the “Contour Interpolation” command in ILWIS.
As a result DEM was produced which was further
enhanced to get more attractive picture of the DEM
(Figure 5a, and 5b).
esr 770.000
710.000
650 000
SCALE
Arr AT ETT]
0 4 km
5b
Figure 5a: Aspect map derived from the enhancement of DEM
Figure 5b: Digital Elevation Model derived after interpolating
the contour on interval of 15m
The aerial photos will be georeferenced first by taking tie
point on selected places with the help of Global
Positioning System (GPS), which will be used to collect
the said data in the field. After getting data, the aerial
photos will be georeferenced with the study area. Then
the contour map will be superimposed one by one on
these aerial photos to get the GIS statistical data. As a
result a separate maps will be prepared in which the rate
of encroachment will be shown in the form of DEM for
three different years. Side by side statistical data will be
generated which will lead us to conclude that if a
specified rate is continue, in how much year the Margalla
hill range will be completely diminished.
RESULTS
The study shows that that if the present quarrying rate
remain continue, within few years the western side of the
Margalla hill range will be completely diminishes
furthermore due to continuous quarrying, the
environmental problem will become more serious issue as
already there is a lot of dust and people are suffering
many diseases.
DISCUSSION
To reduce quarrying from the Margalla hill range, some
alternate quarrying sites has been proposed for future
mining and to preserve the beautiful Margalla hills from
further quarrying. These sites are easily approachable
through main road and situated at a reasonable distance
from Islamabad and Rawalpindi districts (Figure. 6).
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Figure 6: Alternate Limestone quarry sites around
Islamabad
CONCLUSION
Based on the interpretation of the aerial photographs and
studying other relevant data, it can be concluded that if
the present quarrying remain continue, very soon the
western side of the Margalla hills will be diminishes.
Therefore five new proposed sites have been
recommended. These sites are Khairi Murat, Kala Chitta,
Pathargarh, Khanpur and Ganghar Ranges, which can be
used for future exploitation for limestone aggregate in
place of present Margalla hill range mining site. The
reserves of limestone of all the five localities are enough
to meet the present and future needs of construction
material as compared to the present mining site, which
will soon be depleted. The quality of limestone is more or
less same in all these new localities as that of the
Margalla Hills quarries.
All the above localities are easily approachable especially
the Khairi Murat Range where the Islamabad — Lahore
Motorway passes through its North Eastern side. Main
power supply line is also passing through all the
recommended localities.
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