SUITABLE SITE SELECTION OF SHRIMP FARMING IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF
BANGLADESH USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES (4 $ MODEL)
Author(s) ? :O. Quader. Z.Islam, H. Rahman, M.Rahman, M.H.Sarkar, A.Salam Khan
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO)
Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
WG®: Ths 19: Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Keyword &. Suitable Site, Shrimp farm model, Coastal Zone, Bangladesh
Abstract
A study has been made on the Coastal Zone Development and Fishery Environment Analysis using Remote Sensing Techniques’
in Bangladesh under a TCDC programme. It is funded by UN/ESCAP.SPARRSO and Space Application Center (SAC)
Ahmedabad of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has completed the study successfully. The aim of this project was to
develop space technology based suitable methodology using remote sensing and GIS for coastal zone development and fisheries
environment analysis in Bangladesh. Two sites in Bangladesh were selected for the pilot study, viz. Cox's Bazaar and Khulna-
Satkhira. In the study various types of data have been used. It includes different satellite data, thematic maps, field-measured data
and other relevant published information etc. Detailed and updated land-use maps have been generated for the two study sites. The
whole work has been performed in six major parts: I) Construction of GIS based fisheries environmental database (GISFED). 1I)
Selection, adaptation and test of GIS based Suitable Shrimp Farming Site Selection Model (shortly 4s model) III) Practical
Implementation of 4s model IV) Application of shrimp suitability model and analysis of model generated output. V)
Socioeconomic characterization of the study sites and analysis of the trend of shrimp culture development. VI) Analysis of
environmental impacts of shrimp culture expansion and risk due to climatic events. VII) The result from the application of the
model is comprehensive for some specific recommendations regarding the present state of the shrimp farming, as well as its future
extension. Using this model it is found that, Khulna- Satkhira area are more suitable than Cox's Bazaar area for shrimp farming.
Fishery resources have been successfully analyzed in the two study areas using GIS modeling of suitable site selection for shrimp
farming. Tropical countries can use this model for allocating suitable
site for shrimp farming by their Government for allocating
shrimp farms in the coastal areas. This project report has been highly appreciated by ESCAP and ISRO India.
1.1 Introduction
Bangladesh is a vast delta having 142 million ha, of which
roughly coastal brackish waters cover 17%. At present only 5%
of the coastal brackish water region is under coastal aquaculture
mainly for shrimp farming (Hossain, 1995). Gradually shrimp
production is increasing through horizontal expansion of the
farming area, not by the desired vertical expansion. However, a
limited area under shrimp culture has created some
environmental problems, which may lead to ecological
disasters, as well as socio-economic problems of greater
magnitude if proper measures are not taken. Therefore, careful
planning is necessary to develop an environment friendly
integrated coastal aquaculture program as a sustainable
technique. So that, coastal aquaculture would develop as a good
source of animal protein for the growing population, a foreign
currency earner and as well as maintainer of ecological
balances in the brackish-water region.
There is therefore an urgent need for sustainable development
of the coastal resources, both for aquaculture/fisheries and
agriculture. Monitoring of the changes and selection of suitable
sustainable sites for aquaculture development is important in
order to save the coastal ecosystems. This requires I) detailed
survey and monitoring of the present situation, and, ii)
exhaustive database creation, and, iii) modelling for sustainable
development for brackish water aquaculture, agriculture, etc.
Sustainable aquaculture development and planning requires
comprehensive data on landuse, water, economic and human
resources available in a given area and synoptic integration and
analysis of these resources. Remote sensing technique coupled
with GIS are gainfully used or such a comprehensive analysis
which lead to identification of suitable aquaculture site. So, it is
necessary to conduct detailed surveys of the estuaries, brackish
28
water, mangrove and mudflats for developing coastal
aquaculture using remote sensing technique.
By using remote sensing technique and GIS, the advantage is
not only in time and cost effectiveness but also in achieving a
more comprehensive and integrated treatment of aquaculture
development criteria, which is difficult through conventional
techniques alone (Kapetsky et al. 1987). Satellite remote
sensing technique is being used as a tool to know location,
extent and spatial and temporal changes of coastal fisheries,
especially coastal shrimp farming area (Populas and Lanteri,
1991) Krishnamurthy et al. (1996) explained it for Tamilnadu
Coast and Nayak et al. (1995) explained it for West Bengal
and Gujarat coast. Shahid et al. (1996) explained it for
Bangladesh coast. Considering this entire works, an attempt is
therefore made here to use advanced remote sensing and GIS
technique to identify suitable site for shrimp farming in the
study areas of this project with much more accuracy and
precision using latest technology. Studies have also been
carried out at SPARRSO on various other aspects of coastal
zone environment using remote sensing technique (Quader,
1986; Choudhury, 1992; Jabbar, 1994).
1.2 Objectives: One of the main objectives of the project is
to develop a model for Selecting Suitable Site for Shrimp
farming in the Coastal areas of Bangladesh Using Remote
Sensing Techniques. It is funded by UN/ESCAP and
implemented under a TCDC programmed with Bangladesh
organization
Space Research and Remote Sensing !
(SPARRSO) and Indian Space Research Organization
(ISRO).
Internatic
doled fuer
2, D
Site 1:Cox
Khulna-Sat
3.1 Data |
have been
SPOT, Lan
other relev:
on soil, lan
were used
information
3,2 Softwa
software’s \
SC
m
TI
effective toc
4 Methodo
general op
described.
operations
41 Geon
Classificati
Digital date
downloaded
SPARRSO.
were projec
images wert
merge them
In the presei
of classifica
of classifica
the ERDA
classification
has been use
4.2 Prepara
Various asp
Loubersac
demonstrate
for aquacult
approach ha.
ground and
suitable for
and landforn
the two stud
Sathkhira-K.
developmen
the reconnai
survey/verif
43 Techniq
classes in ve
