International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
  
Figure 8. Change detection for image-map 
For landuse data with topology in vector format, it can be done 
just as color landuse map, only after it is colored for each 
landuse type. 
Change information will be extracted by threshold value or 
other methods, but it is often mixed with noise and needs 
interpretation by human-computer interactive. Finally they are 
digitized into vector data and endued with corresponding 
attribute, such as record number, area, coordinate and so on. 
Softwares as ARC/INFO, ARCView, ERDAS or MAPGIS can 
be good choices. 
3.4 Investigation in the field 
Investigation in the field is an important means to assure the 
quality of results. 
3.4.1 Aim: (1) verify change information: check each change 
parcel if truly or false, acquire its true area, range and landuse 
type; (2) complete missing change; (3) measure DOM precision; 
(4) correct administrative boundary and toponym, etc. 
3.4.2 Means: In order to decrease workload, three means are 
adopted. (1) Indoor processing with auxiliary materials 
supplied by the local government, including landuse map, 
landcover map and so on; (2) Querying into the responsible or 
technician of local government; (3) Checking on the spot for 
the change parcels that can't be solved by two means as before. 
In the investigation, it is good way to keep a computer that take 
all data, if no, it is necessary to print image and table in paper. 
3.5 Post-processing 
According to the results in the field, false change parcels are 
deleted, inaccurate polygons and types are corrected, each 
change parcel is given with new attribute, including landuse 
types before changing and landuse type in status, etc. Finally, 
they can be mapped into different kinds maps with needs or 
integrated into landuse database. 
4. PROBLEM AND PROSPECT 
4.1 Problem 
4.1.1 change information automatic extraction: (1) 
image-image combination: some methods are conservatively 
effective to automatically extract change, but they have to deal 
with too much noise to obtain real change, also the vector data 
is not ideal after raster-to-vector conversion because of 
discontinuity or roughness; (2) Image-figure combination: there 
is no effective way to get change automatically at present. 
Landuse status occurs great change these years since economy 
develops rapidly in China, National Land and Resource 
Department is just executing a plan to update landuse map with 
satellite image during several years, so it is urgent to find an 
278 
effective way to solve this problem. 
4.1.2 Investigation means in the fields: For the reason of cost 
and technology, most of fields works are finished by traditional 
measure means to get area, width and other information of 
the precision of 
change parcel. In order to improve 
investigation result, it is suggested to use GPS and other new 
technologies in the fields. 
4.2 Prospect 
In the frame of nationwide land & resource investigation plan, 
this project will be with great potential in the future: (1) more 
and more new applications will be developed: except landuse 
change monitoring and landuse map update, it can be also used 
to construct and update the landuse database and cadastral 
database, aid landuse plan, land conversional investigation and 
cadastral management, supervise the development of national 
important engineering projects, monitor the development of 
disaster and provide strategies for disaster prevention, etc... 
Following the developing of application, new data sources and 
new technologies will be required. For ex, in order to monitor 
the important construction project, the high-resolution satellite 
image will be used (just as QB and IKONOS). In 2004, aerial 
photography will be widely applied in cadastral map updating 
and database construction, especially after integrating with 
IMU/DGPS, digital camera and other new technologies. 
(2) More and more cities will be brought into this project. At 
first, project focuses on 93 cities with more than 500,000 
populations, then it will cover more cities, since there are M 
provinces or municipalities, 332 cities or autonomous states, 
2860 counties or districts in China. 
(3) More and more government departments and other branches 
will participate in this project: the project firstly services for 
center government to supervise the landuse status in macro 
dimension, then the local government of provinces or cities will 
forwardly apply this technology in their daily work since they 
have acknowledged its benefits. More and more needs will 
promote the developing of technologies, in reverse, new 
technologies will popularize and deepen the applications. In 
virtue of this trend, the project will construct the nationwide 
landuse RS monitoring system. 
References: 
1999. 2000, 2001, 2002, Technical report of Landuse dynamic 
RS monitoring, Chinese academy of Surveying and Mapping, 
Chinese Academy of land reconnaissance and planning. 
Li Yingcheng, Guo Tongying, 2002,  Landuse Dynamic 
Monitoring with RS Technology in China, ISPRS TC-VII 
International Symposium & ISPRS Annual Convention, 
Dec3-6,2002, Hyderabad, India.. 
Appendix 1: Working flow of landuse RS monitoring. 
  
Internation: 
BEA 
Data st