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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
potential sites are located in the vicinity of these faults, as the
result of the three water wells on the foothill confirmed.
2. STUDY AREA AND DATA
In the frame of this work, it was used a multispectral image TM
of Landsat 5 satellite, with a spatial resolution of 30 m and date
of acquisition 22-05-1986. A subscene, covering about 20x18
km and including the karstified marbles, was extracted from
this (Fig. 1). The statistical data on it are given in Table 1. For
the ortho-rectification of the image a DTM was used that
derived from two topographic maps at 1:50,000 scale and in
UTM projection (Tsakiri-Strati et al, 2003).
Min-Max Mean St. dev.
68-255 93.053 12.251
21-186 40.402 7.018
12-252 39.428 12.437
15-255 102.772 20.834
7-255 96.958 23.519
1-255 36.426 14.711
C
Table 1. Landsat TM image characteristics
Also geological map at the scale of 1:50.000 (Fig. 2) were used
for the evaluation of the results of this investigation as well as
with results from other studies (Meyer, 1968; Dimadi, 1988;
Chagipanagis, 1991).
Figure 1. Landsat TM image over the study area. R=band4,
G-band2 and B-bandl.
3. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING
The study area corresponds to a mountainous terrain to the
North of Drama (Greece) (Fig. 1). This is the Southwest part of
Falakro mount (East Macedonia-Greece) with elevation
between 123 m and 1736 m in the South and between 537 m
and 1736 m in the North.
Southward is bordered by the plain of Drama and in the North
by the Kato Nevrokopi basin (Polje). The area covers 103 km”
291
and 93% of it is marbles, the 3% dolomitic marbles and the 5%
granodiorite. The vegetation of the area is some bushes in the
Southern part and dense arboreous (beeches, pines) in the
Northern part. The differentiation of vegetation in the region is
owed only to the orientation of the surface and the height of
rainfalls, so in the Northern part, marbles and granodiorite
present the same vegetation in the same region.
Polje of Kato
Nevrokopi %
X
e C .. PlamofDrama km ^l )
Figure 2. Geological map of the study area, 1:50,000 (IGME)
al: Sand, clay, c: conglomerates of marbles, mr: marbles,
d: dolomitic marbles, sch: schists, gr: granodiorite,
Faults, == Geological boundary,
S1: spring Aggitis, S: sinkholes area
The drainage network has a dendritic pattern that is the same on
the marbles and on the gneisses-schistes of the close region.
This network on the marbles is old and was developed on the
gneiss when they were above the marbles. The so-developed
network was finally inherited on the marbles (Vavliakis et al.
1989; Dinter, 1994).
The area belongs to Geotectonic Zone of Rhodope and is a part
of the West side of an anticlinal with axe N120°. It consists of
marbles (Mesozoic) lying on the system gneiss-schist
(Paleozoic). In the base, the marbles are white-gray and thin -
platy, well bedded with muscovite on the bedding plane. On the
top they are white and compact. Between the two sorts of
marbles there are intercalations of dolomitic marbles. The
granodiorite (Oligocene) penetrates all the aforementioned
formations. During the Lower Oligocene ascending movements
observed in the area, with the creation of shear zones (ENE-
SWS) and in the Middle Miocene the area was folded with
directions of folds axes N120°. The fractures related to the
tectonic deformation before the Upper Miocene can not be
distinguished from the fractures developed by a Upper-Miocene
to present extensive brittle extensional deformation that mainly
related to high-angle normal faults. The fault patterns include
NE-NW (NO°- N20°), NW-SE (N50°), E-W (90°) and NW-SE
(N120°-160°) trending faults (Chagipanagis, 1991).
The karst specific forms, sinkholes, are located between 800-
1400 m along the crests and the shallowholes on the Northwest
foot of the marbles at 540 m elevation.
The study area is a hydrogeological unit of karstified marbles
and their alimentation originates directly by the rainfalls and
indirectly by the streams and underground water of the polje of
Kato Nevrokopi, in the area of shallowholes. The spring Aggitis
(Fig. 2) located at an elevation of 123m, drains this
