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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
From the results in the literature and obtained with the simulated
satellite images covering a established test field, some
encouraging conclusions were drawn about the mapping potential
of this high resolution satellite image system. The accuracy of
ground points can reach 3m in planimetry and 2m in height with
over 4 GCPs (Ground Control Points) in spite of fact that the
experimental conditions were based on a simulated study.
Therefore, significantly more than four GCPs are not
recommended in order to maintain high accuracy and minimize
costs. A distribution of GCPs along a straight line especially
across the track is not useful for increasing the accuracy of ground
points. A well spared distribution of even a few GCPs is more
beneficial to accuracy improvement than a dense but poorly
spread distribution. The one-meter resolution imagery will meet
accuracy requirement for medium-scale topographic mapping at
scales from 1:24,000 to 1:10,000. (Li et. al, 2003)
In other study, it was represented that IKONOS imageries can
only supply the data for a preliminary or provisional revision of
1:5000 scale topographic maps or for the rapid but incomplete
revision of existing maps at this scale. Regarding the tests carried
out in this project the IKONOS data seem to be rather deficient in
providing the complete details required for the production of a
final edition of a 1:5000 scale map or for the comprehensive
revision of an existing published map at this scale. These
deficiencies are particularly apparent with regard to the buildings
and small man-made structures. In order to overcome these
deficiencies, which could be as high as 25% of the total map
content in urban areas, a complementary field work is necessary.
The overall evaluation, by taking both geometric stability and the
information content of the image, seems to indicate the feasibility
of a complete map revision process for the scale of 1/10000 using
IKONOS Geo-panchromatic images (Samadzadegan et. al, 2003).
6. ADVANTAGES FROM THE USE OF SATELLITE
IMAGES IN THE PLANNING STAGE OF LAND
CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS
Average sizes of land consolidation projects change between 500
to 1000 hectares in Turkey (Archives of rural land general
administrator, Anonymous, 2000). With a smallest IKONOS
image of 1 m field resolution in 10 x 10 km? (10000 hectares), it
might be covered at least 5 village's lands in a land consolidation
projects according to the given value above. In this case,
consolidation works of all villages appeared in the satellite image
can be done all together or in a most convenient time later village
by village over the same satellite image.
In a land consolidation work, maps, which are used as base maps,
are;
* 1/5000 scale cadastral maps and
* 1/5000 scale topographic maps.
Present cadastral maps, which have been produced in Turkey,
have not been updated yet and some of them are even 40-50 years
old, can be updated from satellite images by matching them with
these present cadastral maps for the determination of present
details on the field such as roads, buildings, irrigation networks
and etc. which do not exist on the old cadastral maps. Similarly,
topographic maps, which are used to plan irrigation and road
o2
networks and land classification, can be updated or produced from
satellite images even if they do not exist.
Here should be answered a question such as, if satellite images
can give an accuracy, which topographic and cadastral maps in
1/5000 scale provide. As it is given in the specifications of the
satellites provided above, precision of PAN bands of some
satellites such as IKONOS and QUICKBIRD is in | m and even
reaches to 0.61 m (Rosi, 2003). Accuracy obtained from digitized
cadastral and topographic maps changes between ! - 2 m
according to the some research results (Cay et.al. 2003). Thus, one
can come to the conclusion that these two accuracies can match
well. It can be said that it can be obtained even a better accuracy
from satellite images.
The use of satellite images for soil maps:
They can be determined from satellite images the distances to
settlement center, road and irrigation network, power line, flood
plain, which are effective factors for the formation of location
indexes of plots. Since the accuracy requirement for the
determination of these factors is 5 to 10 m, it can be used satellite
images, which are less accurate, but cheaper than finer one if the
finer one does not exist previously.
Cost of map production from satellite images:
The cost of a stereo IKONOS satellite image of 1 km? is about 118
dollar in Turkey. Although, it is adequate to use 3-5 control points
to register a satellite image. It is necessary to establish
homogeneously distributed 6 control points for application, detail
measurements and etc. in the case of a classical geodetic
measurement process to be carried out in a field in the sizes of 10
* 10 km, which is covered by an IKONOS image of the smallest
size to be obtained. The number of control points, which is more
than required for the registration of a satellite image, will even
give better accuracy than those from satellite image registered by
5 control points. Extra control points can be used for geodetic
works probably to be carried out in the other stages of land
consolidation. One control point costs about 2407 dollars for the
first half of the year 2003 with respect to the prices suggested by
Chamber of Surveying and Cadastral Engineer in Turkey.
Us
Activities Personals Unit | Total
Cost | Cost
($) |($)
Establishment, | Surveying Engineer
planning and | 1 Surveying Technician 2407 | 14442
calculation processes | 6 Control Points (by GPS
of Control Point observation)
Obtaining — satellite | 1 Surveying Engineer 63 1890
images, rectification, | ( 30 day)
chose and | 2 Surveying Technician 42 1260
calculations of map | ( 30 day)
projection,
evaluation of
satellite images
Satellite Image 10km * 10 km 118 | 11800
I dollar ($) = 1400000 TL Cost = 29392 $
Company profit and other expenses= 15000 $
Total Cost= 44392 $
Cost of 1 hectare = 44392/10000 = 4.44 $/hec
