International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
Internati 
  
  
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE USED DATASETS 
Land Registry and Cadastral maps 
The history of the Hungarian Land Registry goes back to the 
ages of Austrian-Hungarian Empire. This old registry has 
been modernized during the 90’s. All land registry data 
converted into digital form, and now available and open- 
accessible for everyone. Land Registry data are collected and 
maintained at the District Land Offices, integrated with 
cadastral map data. District Land Offices has a Land 
Information System — called TAKAROS — which provides 
a daily up-to-date registry throughout the country. All actor 
of the Land Management Sector (Ministry, Land Offices and 
the Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing) 
is connected into an intranet type network — called 
TAKARNET (network of TAKAROS) —, so every land 
records are accessible from any point of the network. The 
network also has access point from Internet side for the 
registered users. Approximately 10 million land records are 
available through the network. Cadastral maps are available 
in paper, raster or vector format, from scale 1:1 000 up to 1:4 
000. Approximately 60% of the cadastral maps are accessible 
in vector format. 
The Hungarian Land Registry contains land records for each 
land parcels and an individual land record for each real-estate 
within the parcel, which has different owner than the parcel’s 
owner (e.g. flats, shops). Each land record contains three 
parts: 
> General description: lot number, land use, area etc., 
e Ownership rights 
e Other facts and rights: mortgages, land use rights, 
easement rights etc. 
Raster Datasets of 1:10 000 scale topographic maps 
The rasterisation and georeferencing of 1:10 000 scale 
topographic sheets of Hungary had been carried out in 2000. 
Raster datasets contain the raster files of colour prints, 
contour lines, hydrographic and planimetric layer of 1:10 000 
scale topographic maps. Colour prints at 300 dpi, and the 
other layer at 400 dpi had been scanned. Therefore the 
resolution on the ground is 0,85m and 0,635m respectively. 
Images of colour prints in 24 bit colour and of the other 
layers in 1 bit are available. All images are geocoded, and 
available in GEOTIFF format. 
Digital Elevation Model 
Based on the mentioned databases and infrastructure FOMI 
has capacity for the 3D visualization of World Heritage Sites. 
484 
The development of the high resolution digital elevation 
model of Hungary has been carried out in the frame of 
National Program of adopting EU “Aquis Communautaire”. 
The base of the DEM was the digital contour lines of the 1:10 
000 scale topographic maps, with 1m-5m major contour 
interval. Since the date of the different topographic sheets 
covers a 30 years period, first a so-called preliminary DEM 
has been generated, only from contour lines. After the 
generating of preliminary DEM the changes of the relief has 
been worked into the preliminary DEM by stereo- 
photogrammetric measurements. The format of the DEM is a 
5m GRID. Therefore the database contains approximately 3,7 
billion height points for the whole country. The geometric 
accuracy of the DEM has been tested by phogrammetric, 
GPS measurements and by the comparison of the heights of 
horizontal ground control points (approx 60 thousand points) 
and the DEM. From these measurements and comparison the 
root-mean-square error of the DEM arose 0,7m. 
Digital Orthophotos 
Digital Orthophoto Database of Hungary has been created in 
the frame of the Hungarian Digital Orthophoto Program 
(2002-2003). In the program a 0,5m ground resolution digital 
orthophoto mosaic has been created for the whole country. 
For the orthorectification the 1:30 000 scale digital aerial 
photos from the “Aerial Photography Program of Hungary, 
2000” has been used, with the high resolution DEM. The 
geometric accuracy for the projection centers of the photos in 
the aerial triangulation was 25cm in XY and 45cm in Z 
direction. The geometric accuracy of the orthophotos was 
measured by GPS on the ground. From these measurement 
the approximate rms error of the orthophotos arose 60-70 cm. 
Picture 
Drapin; 
using | 
environ 
render 
Satellite Images flythrot 
The fo 
orthopt 
Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing Model 
(FÔMI) is the alone distributor of satellite images in EAST 
Hungary. Remote Sensing Center of FOMI has different techniq 
developments and operative systems based on satellite image photog 
technology, for example: archite 
e Operative Crop Monitoring and Yield Protection 
System (NÖVMON), 
e Up-to-date Land Cover Program at scale 1:100 000 
and 1:50 000 (Corine Land Cover Database), 
e Flood Analysis based on NOVMON. 
visual: 
the alre 
Based on the results of these environment FÓMI is able to 
give very useful data for a World Heritage Site GIS system. 
3D VISUALISATION OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES 
The base technique of 3D visualization is the draping of 
digital orthophotos onto the DEM (see Figure 1). 
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