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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
use these technology and manage and monitor these undesirable 
and without planning constructions near the urban areas (fig. 1). 
  
Gebze - 2003 
  
  
  
Figure 1. The illegal settlements on Forestry area (OGM, 2004) 
Because of these irregular settlements many issues arise in 
turkey. The main ones of these issues are summarized below. 
These city districts deprive of many technical and social 
infrastructures (e.g. Water, sewerage, road, green area, 
education area, health area) required for life quality. 
Having dramatic difficulties concerning financial resources, 
local authorities have difficulties in construction of these basic 
infrastructures as well as realizing their main duties with respect 
to technical and financial matters in such areas. But, as a result 
of necessity to provide these investments with respect to 
political and humane, there will also be an enterprise for 
legalization of these areas (Dale and Mclaughlin, 1999). 
Natural resources (e.g. Water protection catchments, forests, 
historical areas) required for sustainable development are 
destroyed with unplanned residences. 
Because environments of such areas have visual pollution, 
weather pollution and social insecurity, these areas affect 
environmental quality negatively. Failing to prevent such 
unplanned developments, the administrations prefer preparing 
of revision development plan to legalize unplanned 
developments with desperation. These legalizations are 
supported by the central administration via laws put into 
practice in election periods. 
92% of turkey is in earthquake belt. So, unqualified buildings 
led to life and asset lost on a large scale especially in natural 
disasters. 
2. PLANNING AND MONITORING OF URBANIZATION 
IN DEVELOPING AREAS 
In planning of such areas, planners mainly use three types of 
data. These are, in turn, topographical map (current map), 
geological map and property map, if exists. With constructed 
relationships among these three maps and with taking into 
consideration of other exterior data (expected urban 
development directions are acquired from construction permits 
and from foundation investments of other administrations), 
developing regions are planned to design future structuring. 
However, because planning regions are too big to understand 
539 
for planners, they have been in error in many times. Because of 
the analog structure of used three maps, 3D cannot be 
understood and so, spatial analysis errors led to deficiencies in 
planning. Because planners use analog topographical maps, 
they cannot realize some spatial analysis like slope, aspect and 
visuality. As a result of this, the urbanization model realized 
with planning in developing regions is in an inharmonious 
structure. Generally, a need to revise the plan arises for 
eliminating of this inharmonious structure. This situation lead to 
deviations from targeted planning aims. 
An alternative approach is seen inevitable for eliminating errors 
stated above. Having the top technological level, remote 
sensing systems arise an alternative way for solving these 
issues. The alternative method stated above can be applied with 
remote sensing systems via mainly two different data and tools. 
These are aerial photos evaluated with photogrammetric 
techniques and satellite images evaluated by remote sensing 
techniques. It will be evaluated in the next part of this paper 
that in which stage these tools and techniques will be used for 
the solution of urbanization issues in urban development areas 
respect to time, cost, accuracy, hardware and technical 
personnel employment. 
3. USING THE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS FOR 
PLANNING THE URBAN AREAS 
When discussed the planning and monitoring the improvement 
urban areas, there are many advantages of the remote sensing 
system according to classical systems. The most important 
superiority is the photograph, which is used as a planning tool 
and representing the data relating to the areas. Thus, the city 
planners have a lot of possibilities to make more objective plans 
with seeing the view of the city using this data. This approach is 
presented new alternatives to the city planners to make 
objective city plans. For examples, the photos are presented a 
lot of data to the city planners to make plans without going to 
the areas. It can be done the places analyses (slopes, views, 
public or private properties, etc.) Which forming the main of 
the improvement plans, with these techniques. In addition to, 
this technique is give possibilities to do alternatives 
improvement plans and selected the optimum one to apply in 
the cities by municipalities. Besides, determining the land use 
change from the photographs and use this data to make an 
optimum plans such as where the settlements areas must be 
planed and so (Fig. 2 and 3) (Kraus, 1999).