International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
alternate materials that are more reflective. The surface 
temperature was also measured. 
6. STUDY AREA AND DATA ANALYSIS 
Thermal images were acquired over three Cities. The images of 
Hiroshima and Osaka areas were evaluated first. Hyperspectral 
images were captured for the Fuchu City of the Tokyo region. 
6.1 Surface temperature of the Hiroshima City 
Figure 4 shows the flight plan configuration and location of the 
Hiroshima City in Japan. There were eight EW flight courses 
with swath width of 960m/course. Figure 5 shows the thermal 
image of the Hiroshima City captured with ground spatial 
distance (GSD) of 3m from the flight altitude of 1078m on 9h 
September 2003 (between 17:00 to 18:00hrs). Surface 
temperatures observed by the TABI were modified by the 
measured data on the ground for the selected objects utilizing 
the handheld Raytek ST60 IR Non-Contact Thermometer 
covering the wavelength range of 8000 to 14000nm 
  
  
  
  
mmc 
20°C 50°C 
Figure 5. Thermal image of Hiroshima obtained from TABI 
Table 6 shows the surface temperature of some areas selected 
from the thermal image as shown in Figure 5. River and forest 
temperatures are low and road temperature is the highest. The 
temperatures of the business districts showed almost same 
temperatures as that of the bare soil surfaces. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Area Surface Temperature (* 3 
River 28.0 
Forest 28.4 
Grass 30.1 
Bare soil 34.1 
Road (asphalt) 39.0 
Business district 34.8 
  
  
Table 6. 
Surface temperature of the land features 
46 
The castle area of the Osaka City with water as the heat sink 
feature was selected for the observation by TABI (Figure 7). 
  
  
3 A 
x sa 
E 
        
SAE TEL a ma EEE a 
Time:Evening Swan soc 1 Ime :Mid-nigh tamm AC 
(b) Thermal images captured at two periods 
Figure 7. Thermal image of Osaka City obtained from TABI 
6.2 Comparison of hyperspectral data and surface 
temperature of building roofs 
Figure 8 shows the thermal image of Fuchu City in Tokyo 
captured on 1* April 2004, GSD of 2m from the flight altitude 
of 730m. The ground surface temperatures were modified by 
the data of the simultaneous observation performed on same 
time with the ST60 IR Thermometer. In Figure 9 (a) the surface 
temperature of the black spots were lower than 15?C and white 
portions had higher than 36?C (the darker the pixel, the cooler 
the temperature). 
  
2 
* > Tokyo 
  
  
  
  
Flight course 
  
Figure 8. Observation area and flight courses in Fuchu City of 
Tokyo region 
Figure 9 (b) is the hyperspectral data captured in 2003 and is 
displayed in the false colour combinations (bands 63, 30 and 5), 
in which vegetation is shown in red. It was observed from the 
thermal and hyperspectral data that the buildings and roads 
showed higher temperatures whereas vegetated and water areas 
indicated lower temperatures. It was noted that some buildings 
with temperature observations of lower than 15°C were caused 
by lower emissivity values. 
Internati 
  
  
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