International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
2.1 Data Suppliers 
Data suppliers are government and  non-government 
organizations that will support daily and/or required data in the 
event of requirement. Crisis and Disaster Management Unit, 
Division of National Security of the Prime Minster's 
Department (KDN), Department Environmental Council, State 
District Office MACRES, Fire Rescue Department, Marine 
Department, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Police, 
Department of Public Works, Department of Forestry, 
Department of Minerals and Geosciences, NREB, MMS, JPS, 
BOMBA, MCC, MECC and DOSH, are examples of the data 
suppliers for HDSS in Malaysia. 
Format of data are quite variable such as Air/Satellite data, data 
from various sources, images, vectors, maps, databases, GPS, 
ETC, Satellite communication system and site monitoring, 
workstation, detection devices on site, hot links and so on. 
2.2 Data Distribution System (DDS) 
At the interface level, the DDS has the functionality of 
administrating user and portal. It manages data information 
distribution by controlling who gets what, at in different time, 
at different places. Its functionality can be summarized as 
follow: 
e Perform rapid and accurate mapping of disaster 
evolution 
e Easy, efficient and enable real-time communication 
e Able to support the distribution of data 
e Support at central level, the configuration users’ 
profiles and security issues 
e Serves the needs of emergency managers that include 
the on-scene commander and management of the 
personnel in the field 
e Serve the needs of operational crews that include all 
squads in charge of various field activities 
DDS have three main capabilities; Data verification, Quality 
control and Data storage services to all incoming and outgoing 
data. There have to be a sub system as portal to manage all 
incoming and outgoing transaction. 
In the DDS, data/information have to be managed and stored 
properly. The quality of the data including its format will be 
strictly controlled so that it can be used throughout the system. 
2.3 Data Management System (DMS) 
DMS is a collection of state-of-the-art hardware and software 
that can be used for the management of disaster at every stage 
of the crisis before, during and after. It has to be designed in a 
modular and expandable architecture concept and have to be 
able to evolve later in an incremental way through the 
integration of new sensors, the implementation of new centers 
and actors (fixed or mobile) and the integration of new 
application software when available. 
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2.4 Data Processing & Application Development (DPAD) 
Data processing and application development part containes 
thematic application analysis tool, which divides into thematic 
applications for natural disaster, namely Flood, Forest Fire, Oil 
Spill, Landslide and Hot Installation and other disasters involve 
with the certain region. These thematic products and disaster 
application management system employ relative data 
processing input such as satellite data. Figure 2 represents a 
satellite-based data processing for forest fire as an example of 
data processing and application development part. Thematic 
products and disaster application management system will also 
employ relevant model of the disaster for decision-making tool 
in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Figure 
3 presence a GIS based data processing and application 
development for a Hot Installation disaster management. This 
system gives an efficient and reliable hazard forecasting and 
monitoring. Satellite or ground based early warning, detecting, 
monitoring, and mitigation are functionality of the system by 
creating thematic maps, situational analysis, vulnerability 
analysis, damage and risk analysis, using GIS. 
2.5 Decision Support System (DSS) 
DSS is an information system for disaster management and 
relief. It is a central database, where data and information can 
be made available on-line basis. It is an intelligent system, to 
help planning activities. It is also an electronic-based 
correspondence system report generator that can be modified 
according to the user. Whole responsibility of this part are; 
damage assessment, thematic hazards maps, proposed 
solutions, early warning, Decision support, risk prediction, and 
situational analysis. 
3 REVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS 
Formulation of strategic implementation plan needs to be taken 
for an effective disaster management system. To achieve 
success in these aspects, creation of natural disaster data and 
information management system should be given prime 
importance among policy initiators, decision makers, and 
administrators at national and local levels, professional bodies, 
financial institutions, NGOs and voluntary organizations. The 
scope of disaster management activities need to expand 
implying participation of wider range of stakeholders in much 
wider range of activities. Local government institutions need to 
build up their capacities in order to meet the growing demands 
in the area of disaster management. Detailed databases need to 
be created on hazard occurrences containing damages caused to 
buildings and infrastructures and the economic losses suffered 
and its accessibility should be ensured regarding preparedness, 
and research data for effective pre and post disaster analysis 
with data on mitigation techniques and action plans. 
National level institutional mechanism should be enhanced to 
assist and advise in formulating short and long-term disaster 
preparedness, mitigation, and prevention techniques. 
  
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