International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
Meteorological aspects and the hydrologic regime of the area
along with the agricultural work schedule are important aspects
also.
These aspects are predictable if we have appropriate
geomorphologic analysis land cover and soil qualities are
assessed for the zone in study.
The littoral belts from the South sector are not continuous and
are made of fine and medium grain sands. The retreat of the
rocky shore is caused by the marine erosion, which is; - very
active in the Agiga, Eforie Constanta and North Mangalia zones
(the materiel resulted from the cliff's erosion was taken away by
waves and currents), - less active in the south zones of Tusla
and 2 Mai.
3. Basic data utilized and methods
The Romanian side of the seashore goes over 32 maps at the
1:25 000 scale, designed between 1958 and 1964. These maps
were utilized to create the reference situation in our studies. The
maps were vectorised with the main topographical elements
from the nearby neighborhood of the littoral belt within a SIG
database. The satellite images that were used for the study are
HRV (p) (spatial resolution 10m) from 23.05.1997 images
98/262 and 98/258. For the interest zone were used two TM
images (spatial resolution 30m), images 1281/029 from
23.06.1997 and the images 181/128 from 23.06.1997. There
were also used images SAR from 31 may 1998 orbit
16272/frame -0909 and 09 August, orbit 17274/frame 1891.
(Courtesy. of CRUTA and INMH). There were also used aerial
photo grams from July 1983,1984,1986 and 2002 at the scale
1:6000, other cartographic documents, field determinations,
meteorological observations regarding the direction, the size
and waves speed, ground studies, surface waters, their
hydrological regime and vegetation elements, the distribution of
human establishments and the traffic infrastructure
transportation network, GPS field measurements (which were
introduced into the data base into separate levels for better
analysis).
ef
ae one" / LEGEND
=. m — ^ ES3Heights 0-7m
Heights 7-40m
A E Heights 40-65m
s , Hi Heights 65-85m
Zl Mangala et Lake
i SCALE
ol 0 5 10 15 20km
LLL.
Figure 1. The Romanian Black Sea littoral.
780
In order to register the satellite images the digital elevation
model of the field was derived, for a band of 50km from the
littoral belt. The studies were made within a project having as
partners UTCB, OPTOELECTRONICA, INMH and CRUTA
Bucharest. The morphological modifications of the coastline
were evidentiated by the registration of the satellite images over
the reference vectorial database.
The interpretation of the data image was made with the ERDAS
8.3 software version, installed on a PC station and for the
factorization of the maps ARC/INFO was used. The preliminary
analysis and the interpretation of the image data had the steps
shown in figure 2.
Acquisition: geometric charactenstics of
the reference and processing images
Sensor charactenstics
Grund control points
Y
Data processing: geometn c and radiometnc corrections
reference image and processing images
Ÿ
Reference images and processing images analysis:
quantitative assessment, classification and
data generalisation
| Data conversion: raster to vector and vector to raster |
Y
[Error assessement. local accuracy and error matrix and sources analysis]
Final product
Figure 2. The steps in the image analysis.
3. Interpretation of the results
A judicious discerning radio metrical and geometrical analysis
can improve the interpretative proprieties of spectral and spatial
data. The radiometric analysis contained operations for the
elimination of the noise present in the data, and also thickening
the lines and limit marks. The geometrical analysis besides
correcting the distortions connected to the aquisition of the
image is also bringing into the system of the reference map in
gauss projection, having as reference the Krasovski ellipsoid.
Considered to be a pre-analysis step, the rectification of the
satellite images has as target the geometrical transformation of
the images. Usually, this step means: finding the support and
control points the calculation of the transformation parameters,
the creation of the transformed image in the reference system
imposed by one of the known resampling methods. The data
administration within a GIS supposes: logical and physical
independence, base access to recorded data, with the help of fast
algorithms.
In figures 3 and 4, below, are presented the results of the spatial
analysis on Landsat TM data compared with a vectorised map
scale 1: 25.000.
Í 4
E X dE m
X Sot
6 LA
Ë caf
P - € o zz
Figure 3. Coastline evolution: 1990-1997.Landsat TM
superimposed on vectorised map (Images courtesy CRUTA)
Inter.
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