on. If we stitch the
eometrical exterior
ded that the internal
enough.
t between the sub-
g image can be too
hoto in a metric
one possible way to
bhotos, as shown in
thin a limited depth
vithin that depth of
nages for different
can be seen in the
ire 10. The closer
y or smaller target
nge increases if the
aller. The leftmost
set allows seamless
1isition, we can use
tion if we use only
| of range in focus
. On the other hand,
ding recommended
ature matching and
to full panoramic
itched with nearly
ligible perspective
photos with offset
the points in close
te the proper usage
ch way to best use
-ogram in our own
measure a specific
| is oblique aerial
ate the perspective
error caused by the movement of the plane between the image
capture when we know the speed of the plane and the time
between the acquisitions of two images. In addition, simulation
can also be used to illustrate the panoramic imaging geometry for
educational purposes.
One drawback of our simulation is that it becomes inaccurate if
we are not able to correctly estimate the eccentricity of rotating
perspective centres. The future research includes how to
accurately estimate the eccentricity of real panoramic image
sequences.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The aim of this work was to quantify the perspective error
introduced by an offset of projection centre in panoramic
imaging process. This examination was limited to frame
cameras. We developed simulation software for understanding
and predicting the effect of such errors. Using our simulation
software, we illustrated geometrical conditions in both concentric
and eccentric image acquisition cases. Simulation allows us to
calculate the largest allowable projection centre offset for any
particular shooting distance to depth ratio.
This paper shows that if we increase the shooting distance or
only consider some objects that are within relatively small depth
of range, we can accept larger projection centre offsets and still
maintain relatively high accuracy in the object space.
The results are applicable in real cases when planning panoramic
image acquisition. Even if it is advisable to use properly
calibrated camera rig to get uniform perspective to all images, in
some cases this is not possible or desired. Therefore, it is
advantageous to be able to estimate accuracies beforehand using
simulation.
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7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The article is supported by the Finnish Society of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.